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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
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Identification of Alternative Splicing and Polyadenylation in RNA-seq Data
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脊椎動物間の進化的差異を拡大する

Serge Gueroussov1, Thomas Gonatopoulos-Pournatzis2, Manuel Irimia3

  • 1Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.

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|August 22, 2015
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

哺乳類特異的な PTBP1 エクソン9の代替スプライシングは,その調節活動を変化させ,多数のスプライシング変化を引き起こし,脊椎動物の神経系の進化に寄与する.

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Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
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関連する実験動画

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 進化生物学
  • ゲノミクス

背景:

  • 代替スプライシング (AS) は,広範なトランスクリプトミックの多様性を生み出します.
  • 種特有のスプライス変異の機能的な役割は,ほとんど未知のままです.

研究 の 目的:

  • ポリピリミジン経路結合タンパク質1 (PTBP1) エクソン9の哺乳類特異的な代替スプライシングの機能的影響を調査する.
  • この単一のエクソンスキップイベントが 広範囲のスプライシングプログラムと 進化の分岐にどのように影響するか理解するためです

主な方法:

  • 哺乳類の細胞におけるPTBP1エクソン9スキップの分析と,その下流スプライシングへの影響.
  • 鶏の細胞でオートロゴスエクソンスキップを誘導する実験.
  • 種間のスプライシングの変化の比較分析

主要な成果:

  • 哺乳類特有のPTBP1エクソン9のスキップは,PTBP1のスプライシング制御機能を変更する.
  • このエクソンスキップはPTBP1の抑制活動を減らし,神経生成の間に脳特有のASプログラムを促進します.
  • 鶏の細胞における対応するエクソンのスキップは,PTBP1のターゲットにおける哺乳類のようなAS変化を再現します.

結論:

  • RNA結合調節器における単一のエクソンスキップイベントは,種間の広範なAS変化をオーケストラ化することができます.
  • これらのAS変異は,脊椎動物の神経系の進化の分岐に役立ったと考えられます.