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Buffers02:56

Buffers

177.6K
A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...
177.6K
Phosphate Buffer01:22

Phosphate Buffer

6.1K
The phosphate buffer system is a critical biological mechanism for maintaining pH stability in the body. This system operates primarily through two components: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), which acts as a weak acid, and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), which serves as a weak base.
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate does not fully dissociate in neutral or acidic solutions. When a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is introduced into the solution, sodium dihydrogen phosphate...
6.1K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

11.1K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
11.1K
Buffers: Overview01:30

Buffers: Overview

11.0K
Buffers play a crucial role in stabilizing the pH of a solution by mitigating the effects of small amounts of added acid or base. They consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl (aq).
11.0K
Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

34.6K
Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
34.6K

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Inactivation of Pathogens via Visible-Light Photolysis of Riboflavin-5&#8242;-Phosphate
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可視光の下でのPBSバッファでの可逆光酸機能

Nawodi Abeyrathna1, Yi Liao1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 26, 2015
PubMed
まとめ

研究者は可視光の下で 反転的に陽子を放出する 新種の光酸を開発しました この光で活性化する分子は 生物学的環境で 陽子の移転を制御する可能性を 示しています

科学分野:

  • 写真化学
  • 超分子化学
  • 化学生物学

背景:

  • 陽子の移転は多くの生物学的プロセスに不可欠です
  • 陽子濃度 (pH) を動的に制御することは,生理学的条件では困難です.
  • 光反応性分子は化学反応を 外部から制御します

研究 の 目的:

  • 可視光の下での反転性陽子放出を可能にする光酸の設計と特徴付け
  • 生物学的に重要なバッファー (PBS,pH 7.4) でその性能を評価する.
  • バイオメディカル分野での応用の可能性を探る

主な方法:

  • インダゾールの二重酸塩特性とタウトメリゼーションに基づく設計.
  • 可視光照射を用いた光反応研究
  • 量子力学による
  • 水溶液中のpH測定

主要な成果:

  • メタステーブル状態の光酸が 合成されました
  • 可視光下でのPBSバッファ (pH 7. 4) で反転可能な陽子放出を達成した.
  • 高量子出力 (0.73) と適度な光の強度での効率 (10^2 μmol·m−2·s−1).

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  • 0. 1 mMの水溶液で 1.7 単位の可逆的な pH 変化を示した.

    • 結論:

    • 開発された光酸は,可視光の下で効率的で可逆的な陽子制御を提供します.
    • その性質は生理学的条件に適しており,陽子転送プロセスを制御するアプリケーションを可能にします.
    • この光酸は,精密なpH調節を必要とする生物医学的な応用のための有望なツールです.