大人 の 慢性 な 鼻炎 の 治療 方法: 体系 的 な レビュー
Luke Rudmik1, Zachary M Soler2
1Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.
JAMA
|September 2, 2015
まとめ
慢性鼻炎の第一線治療には,毎日の塩水灌と局所用コルチコステロイドが有効です. 特定の患者グループ,特に鼻のポリープを持つ患者では,全身用コルチコステロイドや抗生物質などの他の治療法も考慮することができます.
科学分野:
- 耳鼻喉科
- アレルギーと免疫学
- 薬理学について
背景:
- 慢性鼻炎は3ヶ月以上続く炎症性疾患で,生活の質に影響を及ぼし,医療費を大幅に負担します.
- 患者の治療結果を最適化し 悪化を防ぐには 効果的な医療管理が不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 成人の慢性鼻炎の医療療法に関する最高品質の証拠を体系的に検討する.
- 慢性鼻炎の管理における患者のケアを最適化するための証拠に基づいたアプローチを提供すること.
主な方法:
- ランダム化臨床試験 (RCT),システマティックレビュー,メタ解析のシステマティックレビューが行われました.
- 検索はOvid MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochraneデータベースで行われました.
- 証拠は維持療法と中断療法/救助療法,鼻ポリープの有無に基づいて分類された.
主要な成果:
- 治療なしと比較して,毎日の塩水灌は症状の有意な改善を示した.
- 局所用コルチコステロイドは全般的な症状を改善し,ポリプのサイズを減少させ,手術後のポリプの再発を減少させた.
- 鼻のポリップを患っている患者には全身用コルチコステロイド,ドキシサイクリン,および白血球抗体が効果を示したが,マクロリドはポリップのない患者の生活の質を向上させた.
結論:
- 局所用コルチコステロイド療法と併用した大量塩水灌は,慢性鼻炎の第一線治療として推奨されます.
- 鼻のポリープを患っている患者には,全身用コルチコステロイド,ドキシサイクリン,または白血球抗体による短期治療が選択肢です.
- マクロリド抗生物質の長期間投与は,鼻のポリープがない慢性鼻炎の患者に考慮してもよい.
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