感染症の研究がコミュニティエコロジーを必要とする理由

Pieter T J Johnson¹, Jacobus C de Roode², Andy Fenton³

¹Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. pieter.johnson@colorado.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 5, 2015

まとめ

伝染病の発生を理解するには生態学的洞察が必要ですコミュニティエコロジーは多種間の相互作用を分析するツールを提供し規模を超えた病気管理を支援します

科学分野:

エコロジー
流行病学について
病気エコロジー

背景:

新興感染症は多くの場合複数の種間の複雑な相互作用から生じます
エボラ,マラリア,白鼻症候群のような病気は環境への理解の必要性を強調しています
現在の病気の研究は,先進的な生態学的分析ツールから利益を得ることができます.

研究の目的:

コミュニティーエコロジーの原則が感染症研究における課題に対処できるかを示します
多宿主,多寄生体のシステムにおける病気の動態に影響を与える生態学的要因を特定する.
病気の蔓延と制御に異なったスケールの生態系が影響する様子を明らかにするためです

主な方法:

コミュニティエコロジーの分析ツールを病気の研究に適用する.
ホスト,寄生虫,ベクトルの集合を制御する要因の分析.
個体から地域までのクロススケールエコロジックプロセスの検討

主要な成果:

生態学的ツールによって病気の発生と拡散の原動力を特定できます
個体,種,地域間の異質性を理解することは制御戦略を助けます
生態学的な原則は,病気の管理を強化する上で成功していることが示されています.

結論:

感染病を理解し管理するための堅固な枠組みを提供しています
生態学的アプローチを統合することは,新たな感染症の脅威に対処するために極めて重要です.
これらの原則のさらなる拡張は,将来の疾病管理の努力を改善することができます.

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