大気中の氷核化粒子の海洋生物学的源
Theodore W Wilson1, Luis A Ladino2, Peter A Alpert3
1School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
Nature
|September 11, 2015
まとめ
海洋噴霧からの海洋有機物質は 氷を核化する粒子として作用し 雲の性質に影響します この発見は 遠隔の海域の氷の形成における 植物性プランクトンの作用を 強調しています
科学分野:
- 大気化学
- 雲の物理
- 海洋科学
背景:
- 雲の氷の形成は,雲の寿命,降水量,放射性特性に大きく影響する.
- 空気中の氷核化粒子は 雲の氷形成に不可欠ですが 海噴霧粒子の氷核化の可能性は不明です
- 海洋表面の微層から有機物質が豊富に含まれている海水噴霧は,大気中の粒子の主要な供給源です.
研究 の 目的:
- 海面の微層に存在する有機物質の氷核化能力を調査する.
- 海の噴霧エロソール内の氷核物質の源と特性を特定する
- 遠くの海洋環境における大気中の氷核形成への海洋有機物質の潜在的貢献を評価する.
主な方法:
- 関連する雲の条件下で海面微層の有機物質による氷核の実験分析.
- 氷核粒子の大きさと起源の特徴
- 氷の核化実験は,海藻タラシオシラ・プソドナナ (Thalassiosira pseudonana) の排液を用いた.
- 海洋有機エアロゾールのデータを組み込むグローバルモデルのシミュレーション
主要な成果:
- 海洋表面の微層からの有機物質は,混合相および高空の氷雲をシミュレートする条件下で効果的に氷を核化する.
- 氷核化物質は生物学的であり,約0.2マイクロメートル未満です.
- 植物プランクトンの細胞排泄物,特にThalassiosira pseudonanaは,氷核化能力を示し,マイクロ層の氷核化におけるその役割を示唆しています.
結論:
- 海洋有機物質,特に植物プランクトンの排泄物は,氷核粒子の重要な源です.
- これらの発見は 海洋有機エアロゾルが 南洋,北太平洋,北大西洋などの 遠い海域の氷の形成に 重要な役割を果たしていることを示唆しています
- この研究は海中のエアロゾールによる 雲の形成過程の理解を深めています
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