性別二形態の下垂体回路は,母親のケアとオキシトシン分泌を制御する
Niv Scott1, Matthias Prigge1, Ofer Yizhar1
1Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
Nature
|September 17, 2015
まとめ
性別の差異は 特定の脳の回路と関連しています 垂直周縁核 (AVPV) のチロシンヒドロキシラーゼ (TH) を発現するニューロンは,性特異的な方法で母親の行動と攻撃性を制御する.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 行動内分泌学
- 社会的行動の神経生物学
背景:
- 行動における性差はしばしば神経回路の二形性から生じると考えられていますが,直接的な証拠は稀です.
- 親の介護は複雑な行動で マウスのような種では 性別の違いが顕著です
- 処女雌は通常,子に対して母性的な行動を示しますが,雄は攻撃したり無視したりします.
研究 の 目的:
- 性別特異的な親の行動における,視床下部内側核 (AVPV) のチロシンヒドロキシラーゼ (TH) を発現するニューロンの役割を調査する.
- AVPV TH(+) ニューロンの性二形態が親のケアおよび関連する行動に因果的に影響するかどうかを決定する.
- AVPV TH(+) ニューロン,オキシトシン分泌,および性差の行動との関係を調べる.
主な方法:
- 母親,処女,雄のAVPVにおけるTH発現ニューロン数の比較分析.
- AVPV TH(+) ニューロンの切除で,母子の行動への影響を評価する.
- AVPV TH(+) ニューロンのTH発現の光遺伝的刺激と操作
- AVPV TH(+) ニューロンの操作後の循環中のオキシトシン濃度の測定
- AVPV TH(+) ニューロンからパラベントリキュラー核のオキシトシンニューロンへの神経投影の調査.
主要な成果:
- AVPV TH(+) のニューロンは,処女と処女と比べて母親のほうが多い.
- AVPV TH(+) ニューロンを消去すると,メスでは母親の行動が低下し,刺激はそれを強化した.
- 男性では,AVPV TH(+) ニューロンは親のケアに影響を及ぼさなかったが,男性間の攻撃性を抑制した.
- 女性におけるAVPV TH(+) ニューロンの活性化によりオキシトシン濃度が上昇し,アブレーションにより減少した.
- AVPV TH(+) ニューロンは,パラベントリキュラー核のオキシトシンニューロンと直接のシナプス結合を形成する.
結論:
- AVPV TH(+) ニューロンは,母親のケアとオキシトシン分泌を調節する上で,性別の重要な役割を果たします.
- この研究は,成人の脳の回路における性二形態と親の行動における性差異を結びつける因果的な証拠を提供します.
- この発見は 母親の行動と社会的攻撃を 制御する新しい神経機構を 明らかにしています
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