室外大気汚染源が世界規模で早死率に与える影響
J Lelieveld1,2, J S Evans3,4, M Fnais5
1Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
Nature
|September 19, 2015
まとめ
屋外の大気汚染は,主に微細粒子 (PM2.5) で,毎年世界中で330万人の早期死亡を引き起こしています. 特にアジアでは 住宅用エネルギー使用が 主な原因で 2050年までに影響が倍増すると予測されています
科学分野:
- 環境科学
- 公衆衛生
- 大気化学
背景:
- 病気の全般的負担に関する研究は,オゾンや微細粒子 (PM2.5) を含む大気汚染による死亡率と関連付けています.
- 空気汚染が早死に及ぼす影響を定量化することは,モニタリングされていない地域と変数の粒子毒性のために困難です.
- PM2.5の発生源と健康への影響を理解することは,公衆衛生の介入にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 地球規模の大気化学モデルを用いて,早死と7つの排出源の関連性を調査する.
- 室外大気汚染による早死による世界的な負担を定量化する.
- 異なる排出源と微粒子の毒性による世界的な死亡率への影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 空気汚染とその源をシミュレートするために,地球規模の大気化学モデルを使用した.
- 都市環境と農村環境の両方で7つの排出源カテゴリーを分析した.
- 微粒子の毒性を考慮した感度分析を行った.
主要な成果:
- 屋外の大気汚染は主にPM2.5で 世界中で毎年推定330万人の 早期死亡を引き起こし アジアで顕著に増加しています
- インドと中国の住宅エネルギー使用 (暖房,調理) の排出が 早期死亡率に最も大きな影響を及ぼしています
- 米国東部,ヨーロッパ,ロシア,東アジアなどの地域では,農業からの排出がPM2.5の主要な原因となっています.
- モデル予測では,外気汚染による早死率が2050年までに倍増する可能性があると予測されています.
結論:
- 住宅のエネルギー使用は,大気汚染による早期死亡の重要な原因です.
- 大気汚染の健康への影響は,地域や排出源によって大きく異なります.
- 空気汚染が早死率に 大きく寄与すると予測されているため,緊急に対策を講じなければならない.
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