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関連する概念動画

Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

111
In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
26.9K
Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

1.8K
When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
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Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

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Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
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Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography

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カルシートと水の接点におけるX線駆動反応フロントダイナミクス

Nouamane Laanait1, Erika B R Callagon2, Zhan Zhang3

  • 1Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA. Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA. laanaitn@ornl.gov fenter@anl.gov.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 19, 2015
PubMed
まとめ

科学者は,鉱物と水のインターフェイスでカルシット溶解中に不安定性を観察しました. 30 nm/sを超えるこれらの反応フロントの不安定性は,極端な条件下で輸送制限の鉱物溶解を示しています.

さらに関連する動画

Reservoir Condition Pore-scale Imaging of Multiple Fluid Phases Using X-ray Microtomography
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Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion
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Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion

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関連する実験動画

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Reservoir Condition Pore-scale Imaging of Multiple Fluid Phases Using X-ray Microtomography
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Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion
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科学分野:

  • 地化学
  • 材料科学
  • 化学運動学

背景:

  • 鉱物と水の接点における生地化学プロセスは地球システムにとって極めて重要です.
  • 炭酸鉱物の成長と溶解を理解するには,インターフェイスの熱力学を正確に制御する必要があります.
  • 現在の方法は,ダイナミックなインターフェイスプロセスを捉えるための空間的および時間的な解像度が不足しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • ミネラルウォーター界面でのカルサイト溶解の動態を調査する.
  • 制御された熱力学的条件下で反応フロントの伝播を観察し,特徴づけること.
  • 反応フロントの不安定性に影響を与える要因を特定する.

主な方法:

  • カルシート溶解を 誘導するシンクロトロンX線を用いた
  • 表面X線顕微鏡を用いて,現場での反応フロントの動態を調べた.
  • 進化する表面構造と溶液組成を特徴付けるための運動反応モデルを適用した.

主要な成果:

  • 時間依存の溶液組成によって制御される表面構造の進化を観察した.
  • 30ナノメートル/秒を超える速度で 反応フロントの不安定性を検出した.
  • 極端な不均衡状態と相関する不安定性

結論:

  • この研究は,輸送制限カルシット溶解のサインとして反応フロントの不安定性を明らかにしています.
  • 極端な不均衡がカルシートと水の接点の 不安定を誘発します
  • ミネラル溶解の運動学とメカニズムに関する新しい洞察を提供している.