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Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
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全球ポリオ予防のための新しい定期ワクチン接種スケジュールの免疫性:オープンラベル,ランダム化制御試験
Roland W Sutter1, Sunil Bahl2, Jagadish M Deshpande3
1World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 22, 2015
まとめ
口服ポリオウイルスワクチン (OPV) と不活性化ポリオウイルスワクチン (IPV) を併用した新しいポリオワクチン接種スケジュールは,特にタイプ3のポリオウイルスに対する免疫性向上を示しています. この発見は,世界的にポリオ撲滅の努力を強化することを支持しています.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- ワクチン学
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- ポリオの根絶には,口服用双価ポリオウイルスワクチン (bOPV) と不活性化ポリオウイルスワクチン (IPV) を含む新しい免疫スケジュールが必要です.
- 提案されたbOPVとIPVの組み合わせスケジュールについては,限られた免疫性データが存在します.
研究 の 目的:
- bOPVとIPVを含む新しい定期免疫スケジュールの免疫性評価.
- 新生児におけるbOPVとIPVの異なる組み合わせの免疫原性を比較する
主な方法:
- インドでは 900人の健康な新生児を対象にオープンなランダム化制御試験が行われました.
- 乳児は,三価OPV (tOPV),tOPV + IPV,bOPV,bOPV + IPV,またはbOPV + 2回のIPVを投与された.
- 免疫性は,ポリオウイルス1型,2型,3型に対する血清変換率で18週目に評価された.
主要な成果:
- すべてのワクチンは,ポリオウイルス1型と3型に対する高血清変換率を示した.
- IPVを含むスケジュールは,bOPV単独と比較して,ポリオウイルス3型に対する血清変換率を著しく高めた.
- 2型ポリオウイルスの血清転換率は変化し,IPVを含む治療法は,bOPV単独治療と比較して改善された.
結論:
- 新型ワクチン接種は,特にタイプ3のポリオウイルスに対する免疫性を高めます.
- この改善された免疫性は,世界規模のポリオ撲滅のための新しいスケジュールの可能性を支持しています.
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