気候変動によるハチミツの相互授粉における機能的不一致

Nicole E Miller-Struttmann¹, Jennifer C Geib², James D Franklin³

¹Biological Sciences Department, Natural Sciences Building Rm NS247, SUNY College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA. Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. nmillstrutt@gmail.com.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 26, 2015

まとめ

アルプス山脈のハチは舌の長さを短くしていますこれは深管の花と不一致を招き,気候変動による受粉と生物多様性を脅かします.

科学分野:

エコロジー
進化生物学
気候変動の生物学

背景:

農業と生物多様性にとって相互主義や生態系連携は不可欠です
これらの関係は授粉者の舌の長さや花の管の深さといった機能的な特徴に合わせていることが多いのです
気候変動はこれらの重要な生態学的パートナーシップを脅かしています

研究の目的:

40年以上に渡ってハチの舌の長さの進化的変化を調査するためです
花の特徴が変化したかどうかを判断する.
植物と受粉者の相互関係に気候変動が及ぼす影響を理解する

主な方法:

40年前のホンマの舌の長さのデータと現在のデータを比較した分析
同時期に発生する花種の深さの変化の評価
気候変化に関連した植物資源の利用可能性の評価

主要な成果:

アルプス山脈のハチミツの2種の舌の長さは 40年にわたって大幅に減少しました
同時に咲く花の深さは変わらないし,小さな花の植物の流行も変わらない.
温暖な夏は花の資源の減少と相関し一般的な採集を好みます

結論:

気候変動による資源の減少により授粉者と植物の特徴の不一致が生じています
舌の短いミツバチは歴史的に受粉された深い管の花と相容れないかもしれません
この不一致は,アルプス山脈の相互関係と関連する生物多様性の安定を脅かしています.

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