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関連する概念動画

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

20.8K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

23.8K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
23.8K
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

66
A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
66
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

15.7K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
15.7K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

21.4K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
21.4K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

20.9K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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関連する実験動画

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High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
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ベンゼナモニウム柱状液晶における長方形-六角形相変化によって誘発されるイオンスイッチ

Bartolome Soberats1,2, Masafumi Yoshio1, Takahiro Ichikawa3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 30, 2015
PubMed
まとめ

液晶アンモニア塩のイオン伝導性は,相変化によって切り替えられる. 六角形の柱状相は,イオンチャネル構造により,長方形の柱状相よりも有意に高い伝導性を示しています.

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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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関連する実験動画

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High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
06:24

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 物理化学
  • クリスタルグラフィー

背景:

  • 液晶 (LC) は独特の自己組み立て特性を持っています.
  • 材料のイオン伝導性は エネルギー貯蔵と電子機器にとって不可欠です
  • オーダーされた柔らかい材料のイオン輸送を制御することは依然として課題です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 円形の液晶アンモニアム塩のイオン伝導性の切り替えを証明する.
  • 液晶相とイオン輸送の関係を調べる
  • 導電性調節の構造的基礎を理解する.

主な方法:

  • 状の液晶アンモニアム塩の合成
  • 直角柱状 (Colr) と六角柱状 (Colh) の相変化の熱力学的制御
  • イオン伝導性の測定
  • 構造の変化を分析するX線 difraktion実験.

主要な成果:

  • 導電性のスイッチングには,CollrとCollhフェーズ間の熱可逆相移行が成功しました.
  • コルフ相でのイオン伝導性は,コルフ相よりも約4桁高い.
  • レントゲン実験では,コラーフェーズで高度にオーダーされたイオンパッキングが示され,イオン輸送を阻害し,コラーフェーズではそれを促進します.

結論:

  • 交換可能なイオン伝導性は,相変化を利用して液晶アンモニア塩で達成された.
  • 観測された伝導性のスイッチングは,相移行中のイオンチャネルの構造的再配置に起因する.
  • これらの発見は,調整可能な性質を持つ先進的なイオン伝導材料を設計するための経路を提供します.