ペルミア・トライアスの大量絶滅期におけるコミュニティの安定性と選択的絶滅

Peter D Roopnarine¹, Kenneth D Angielczyk²

¹Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. proopnarine@calacademy.org.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 3, 2015

まとめ

機能的多様性ではなく種の豊かさが古代の生態系を安定させましたペルミア-トライア紀の大量絶滅の間です進化した機能パターンはコミュニティの安定性を確保し深刻な生物多様性危機を乗り越えるのに不可欠でした

科学分野:

古生物学
エコロジー
地球科学

背景:

化石記録は生物多様性の極度の喪失を明らかにしています大量絶滅として知られています
ペルミア-トライア紀の絶滅は地球で最も深刻な生物多様性危機を表しています

研究の目的:

ペルミ・トライア紀の大量絶滅期の南アフリカにおける地上の古社会の安定性を調査する.
この深刻な絶滅の時にコミュニティの安定に影響を与える要因を特定するためです

主な方法:

南アフリカの化石の分析
パレオコミュニティの安定性と,異なる組織構造を示すモデルコミュニティの比較.
機能的多様性とギルドの相互作用と種の豊かさの役割の評価

主要な成果:

陸上の古コミュニティの安定性は,種の豊かさではなく,機能的多様性やギルドの相互作用パターンに大きく依存していた.
パレオコミュニティは,モデルコミュニティと比較して,一時的な不安定性と,局所的な安定性の高い確率を示した.
進化した機能パターンは仮説的な選択肢よりも安定したコミュニティを支えました

結論:

機能的な多様性と確立された生態学的相互作用は大量絶滅の際に生態系の回復力にとって重要です
種の豊かさだけでは極端な環境変化に直面したコミュニティの安定性を示す信頼できる指標ではありません
生態系内の機能的特徴の歴史的発展は,その長期的な安定性を高めます.

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