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関連する概念動画

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

685
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
685
The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

295
CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
295
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

17.9K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
17.9K
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

53.5K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

56.1K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Caspases01:24

Caspases

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Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
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CRISPR-Cas免疫は,プロカリオットにおいて

Luciano A Marraffini1

  • 1Laboratory of Bacteriology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.

Nature
|October 4, 2015
PubMed
まとめ

Prokaryotic 細胞は,ウイルスに対する適応免疫のために,クラスタ化された規則的に間隔された短いパリンドロミックリピート (CRISPR) -Cas システムを使用します. このシステムはウイルスのDNA配列を統合して 標的のDNA分裂を誘導し 遺伝性耐性を提供します

科学分野:

  • 微生物学
  • 分子生物学
  • 遺伝学

背景:

  • Prokaryotic 生物は,ウイルス (バクテリオファージ) からの恒常的な脅威に直面しています.
  • ウイルスの感染と戦うために様々な防御メカニズムがプロカリオットで進化した.
  • クラスタリングされた定期間隔の短いパリンドロミックリピート (CRISPR) - カスシステムは,これらの防御の中でユニークであり,適応免疫を提供します.

研究 の 目的:

  • CRISPR-Casシステムによるプロカリオットの適応免疫のメカニズムを説明する.
  • ホストの防御と進化における スパイサー獲得の役割を強調する
  • CRISPR-Casによる免疫がどのように子孫に伝わるかを説明する.

主な方法:

  • この研究はCRISPR-Casシステムの分子メカニズムに焦点を当てています.
  • 異なった遺伝物質からスペーサーを取得する過程を記述する.
  • RNAガイドへのスペーサーの転写とDNAターゲティングにおけるその役割を説明する.

主要な成果:

  • CRISPR- Casシステムは,ウイルスのDNA断片 (スペーサー) を宿主ゲノムに統合することによって,適応免疫を提供します.
  • これらのスペーサーは,侵入したウイルスDNAを分割する Cas 核酸を誘導する RNA ガイドを生成します.

さらに関連する動画

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
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Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

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Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
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Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

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Last Updated: Oct 22, 2025

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Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
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Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
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  • このプロセスは宿主細胞とその子孫に 抵抗力を与えます

    • 結論:

    • CRISPR-Casシステムは,プロカリオットの高度な適応性免疫系を表しています.
    • スペーサー獲得は,特定のウイルス脅威に対する迅速で遺伝的な抵抗を可能にします.
    • このメカニズムは 微生物集団における 進化的適応のユニークな形態を駆動します