生物多様性により,生態系の生産性が極端な気候に抵抗する
Forest Isbell1, Dylan Craven2,3, John Connolly4
1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
Nature
|October 16, 2015
まとめ
生物多様性は 極端な気候に対する生態系の耐性を高め 生産性を安定させます 生物多様性は 気候の影響に対する 緩衝であり 災害後の回復ではありません
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 環境科学
- 気候変動の生物学
背景:
- 気候の極端な状況に対する生態系の安定性は 極めて重要ですが 十分に理解されていません
- 気候現象を緩衝する生物多様性の役割に関する以前の研究は 異なった結果をもたらした.
研究 の 目的:
- 草原の植物の生物多様性が気候現象に対する生態系の抵抗力と回復力を高めるかどうかを調査する.
- 気候変動の発生と発生後の生態系の生産性に対する生物多様性の影響を定量化する.
主な方法:
- 草原の植物の多様性を操作する46の実験のメタ解析
- 様々な気候現象 (干ばつ,湿気,極端,長期) に応じた生態系の生産性の変化を評価する.
主要な成果:
- 生物多様性は様々な気候現象に対する 生態系の抵抗力を大幅に高めました
- 高い多様性 (16〜32種) のコミュニティは ~25%の生産性変化を示し,低い多様性 (1〜2種) は ~50%の変化を示しました.
- 生態系の回復力 (災害後の回復力) は,生物多様性に大きく依存していない.
結論:
- 生物多様性は主に気候現象に対する耐性を高めることで 生態系の生産性を安定させます
- 生物多様性の減少は 生態系の安定性を低下させる一方 回復は 安定性を増加させる可能性があります
- これは気候変動下で生態系サービスを維持する上で 生物多様性の重要性を強調しています
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