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関連する概念動画

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.5K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
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In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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A Rapid In Vivo Bioassay for Developmentally Active Enhancers
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発達強化剤のサブ最適化

Emma K Farley1, Katrina M Olson2, Wei Zhang3

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, Genomics and Development, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA. Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. msl2@princeton.edu ekfarley@princeton.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 17, 2015
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

遺伝子調節におけるエンハンサー特異性は,不完全なDNA結合部位が正確な発現パターンを生み出す"サブ最適化"に依存しています. このメカニズムは,過剰に強い結合によるエラーを回避し,正確な発達遺伝子活性化を保証します.

さらに関連する動画

A Web-Based Workflow for Selecting Gene- and Tissue-Specific Enhancers
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Dissection of Enhancer Function Using Multiplex CRISPR-based Enhancer Interference in Cell Lines
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Dissection of Enhancer Function Using Multiplex CRISPR-based Enhancer Interference in Cell Lines

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関連する実験動画

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A Web-Based Workflow for Selecting Gene- and Tissue-Specific Enhancers
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科学分野:

  • 発達生物学
  • 分子遺伝学
  • ゲノミクス

背景:

  • 転写増強剤は,発達に不可欠な精密な遺伝子発現パターンを制御する.
  • 増強剤の特異性の分子基礎を理解することは,発達生物学にとって極めて重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • シオナ胚におけるOtx-a増強剤の精度を研究する.
  • 線維細胞成長因子 (FGF) のシグナル伝達とGATAの決定因子が強化剤の特異性にどのように影響するかを決定する.

主な方法:

  • Otx-a強化器の高通量分析について
  • 結合部位の配列と距離が強化剤の活動に与える影響を評価する.
  • 遺伝子調節における最適でない認識モチーフの役割を調査する.

主要な成果:

  • 強化剤の特異性は,結合親和度が低下したサブマキシマル認識モチーフによって達成される.
  • 固有のGATAとETSの結合部位における不完全なマッチは,特異性を与える.
  • 結合部位の距離を変更すると,増強剤の活動に大きく影響する.
  • 複数のレベルでのサブ最適化により 特定で弱い表現パターンが生まれます

結論:

  • 開発過程で正確な遺伝子発現パターンを生成するために,サブオプティマルの強化要素は重要です.
  • 弱い強化剤のクラスターは,潜在的にスーパー強化剤を含む,特異性と活動をバランスします.
  • この発見は,発達の遺伝子発現の 規制論理に関する洞察を提供します.