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関連する概念動画

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

987
CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
987
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
59.1K
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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18.9K
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
19.5K
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

2.6K
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
2.6K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

65.5K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
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Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

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CRISPR-Cas適応免疫における外来DNAの捕獲

James K Nuñez1, Lucas B Harrington1, Philip J Kranzusch1,2

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Nature
|October 28, 2015
PubMed
まとめ

バクテリアと古生物は,外来DNAを統合することで,ウイルスから防御するためにCRISPR免疫を使用します. 研究者らは,Cas1-Cas2酵素複合体がどのようにDNAを捕捉し,CRISPRロカス構造の分子支配者として作用するかを明らかにしました.

さらに関連する動画

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
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Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
11:35

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2017

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Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
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Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 微生物遺伝学
  • 構造生物学

背景:

  • バクテリアと古生物は,ファージとプラズミドに対して適応性のある免疫システムを備えている.
  • この免疫は,外来DNA断片 (スペーサー) をCRISPRロシに統合することを含む.
  • Cas1-Cas2インテグラーゼ複合体は,これらのスペーサーの獲得に不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • Cas1-Cas2複合体が外来DNA基板を選択するメカニズムを解明する.
  • CRISPR免疫におけるスペーサー獲得の構造的基礎を理解する.
  • Cas1-Cas2が CRISPRロカス形成における 分子支配者として機能する様子を明らかにするためです

主な方法:

  • エシェリキア・コライのCas1-Cas2複合体の構造を決定するために,X線結晶学を用いた.
  • この研究では,同類の33核酸原空間器DNA基板に結合した複合体を分析した.
  • タンパク質とDNAの相互作用と基板の選択を理解するために,構造データを解釈した.

主要な成果:

  • Cas1-Cas2複合体は,プロトスペーサーDNAの全長に及ぶ曲がった結合表面を形成する.
  • 複合体はDNAの末端をスプレーし,Cas1活性部位内に核愛性の攻撃のための末端3'-OH群を配置する.
  • DNAとタンパク質複合体の間のフォスフォディエステル骨幹相互作用は,観察された配列非特異的基板選択を説明する.

結論:

  • この研究は,Cas1-Cas2複合体による外来DNA捕獲の構造的基礎を明らかにしています.
  • Cas1-Cas2が分子支配者として CRISPRの大きさや構造を決定するメカニズムを明らかにしました
  • これらの発見は,プロカリオットの適応免疫の基本的なプロセスに関する重要な洞察を提供します.