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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

109
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
109
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

14.9K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration02:34

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

10.0K
The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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二酸化炭素削減触媒におけるメソ構造による選択性

Anthony Shoji Hall1, Youngmin Yoon1, Anna Wuttig1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 5, 2015
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ゴールド・インバース・オパール・フィルムは二酸化炭素 (CO2) を一酸化炭素 (CO) に効率的に変換し,水素の進化を抑制します. 電子メソストラクチャリングはCO2削減の選択性を最適化します.

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 電気化学
  • カタリシス

背景:

  • ゴールド・インバース・オパール (Au-IO) の薄膜は,電気化学的CO2削減のために調査されています.
  • 水素の進化に対する高効率と選択性が望ましい.
  • 選択性に影響を与える要因を理解することは,触媒設計において極めて重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • CO2削減のためのAU-IOフィルムにおけるメソストラクチャリングの役割を調査する.
  • 水素の進化抑制の起源を 特定するためです
  • 高CO選択性のために電極設計を最適化します.

主な方法:

  • 多孔厚さのAu-IO薄膜の製造
  • 二酸化炭素削減性能の電気化学的特徴
  • 拡散グラデーションと反応経路への影響の分析

主要な成果:

  • Au-IOフィルムは,CO2をCOに変換する効率と選択性が高い.
  • 水素の進化活動は薄膜の厚さが増えるにつれて著しく減少する.
  • メソポラス構造内の拡散グラディエントは,水素抑制の原因として特定されています.
  • 最適化された電極で0.4Vの過剰電位で達成された99%のCO選択性.

結論:

  • 電子メソストラクチャリングは,CO2削減の選択性を調整するための効果的な戦略です.
  • 拡散グラデーションは水素の進化を抑制する上で重要な役割を果たします.
  • 最適化されたAu-IO電極は,効率的なCO2から燃料への触媒のための有望な経路を提供します.