桃体は,不安や恐怖を上から下へと制御する
Avishek Adhikari1,2, Talia N Lerner1,2, Joel Finkelstein1
1Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Nature
|November 5, 2015
まとめ
研究者は不安を制御する 新しい神経経路を特定しました 腹中前頭皮質 (vmPFC) は基礎中枢桃体 (BMA) に直接影響を及ぼし,恐怖と不安の行動を調節する.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 行動科学
- 精神科
背景:
- 不安症は薬理学的に治療するのが困難で 感情の認知的調節を理解する必要性を強調しています
- 上から下への経路は 認知制御と感情の調節に関与しています
- 以前の研究では,恐怖処理における異なるmPFC亜領域の役割が相反していることが示唆されていますが,正確な因果的な標的は不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- 焦慮や恐怖を制御する中央前頭前皮質 (mPFC) からの特定の上下神経経路を特定する.
- 焦慮の調節におけるvmPFCの潜在的な標的として,基礎中枢桃体 (BMA) の役割を調査する.
- 特定された経路が感情と学習された恐怖の反応の認知制御を媒介するかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- ネズミのモデルを使って 神経回路を調べた
- オプトジェネティックとケモジェネティック技術を使って ニューロンの活動を操作した
- 恐怖条件付けと不安に関連した行動に対する 行動分析をインビボ神経記録と組み合わせる
主要な成果:
- マウスの腹中前頭皮質 (vmPFC) は,主に桃体内の桃体 (BMA) を標的にする.
- ベースメディアルアミグダラ (BMA) のニューロンは 安全な環境と 嫌悪的な環境を区別します
- BMAニューロンの活性化により 恐怖に関連した凍結状態と不安状態が軽減されました
- vmPFC- BMA投影は,ベースラインとストレス状態の両方で,不安と学習された凍結を上から下へと制御することが示されました.
結論:
- 腹部中部前頭皮質 (vmPFC) - 基礎中部桃体 (BMA) 投影は,不安と恐怖の上から下への調節のための重要な神経経路を表しています.
- この経路は,不安に関連した神経精神疾患の治療を目的とした介入の潜在的なターゲットを提供します.
- この回路を理解することで 感情と行動制御の 認知的調節に関する知識が 強化されます
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