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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

40.3K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
40.3K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

8.6K
8.6K
Translation in Prokaryotes01:29

Translation in Prokaryotes

2.4K
Prokaryote translation is a complex, highly coordinated process that converts genetic information from mRNA into functional proteins. It involves three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each facilitated by specific molecular components.Initiation of TranslationThe process begins with the assembly of the ribosomal subunits and initiation factors on the mRNA. In bacteria, the 30S ribosomal subunit recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA, a conserved region upstream of...
2.4K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.9K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.9K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

15.5K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Translation01:31

Translation

22.0K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
22.0K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

13.3K

翻訳開始の変更

Sarah F Mitchell1, Roy Parker2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.

Cell
|November 7, 2015
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

メッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) のN6-アデノシンメチレーション (m6A) 改変は,翻訳開始を刺激する上で重要な役割を果たします. これらの発見は,真核生物のタンパク質合成を調節する多様なメカニズムを強調しています.

さらに関連する動画

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
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Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

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An In Vitro Single-Molecule Imaging Assay for the Analysis of Cap-Dependent Translation Kinetics
09:52

An In Vitro Single-Molecule Imaging Assay for the Analysis of Cap-Dependent Translation Kinetics

Published on: September 15, 2020

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

13.3K
Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
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Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Published on: September 27, 2015

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An In Vitro Single-Molecule Imaging Assay for the Analysis of Cap-Dependent Translation Kinetics
09:52

An In Vitro Single-Molecule Imaging Assay for the Analysis of Cap-Dependent Translation Kinetics

Published on: September 15, 2020

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 遺伝学
  • 生物化学

背景:

  • 翻訳開始は遺伝子発現の重要なステップです
  • ユカリオットの翻訳開始には複雑な規制メカニズムが含まれます.
  • トランスレーションにおけるmRNA改変の役割は,活発な研究分野である.

研究 の 目的:

  • mRNAにおけるN6-アデノシンメチレーション (m6A) の機能を調査する.
  • 変換開始に対する m6A 変更の影響を決定する.
  • m6Aがタンパク質合成に影響を与えるメカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

  • mRNAのm6A変異パターンの分析
  • m6Aレベルを実験的に操作する.
  • 翻訳開始率を測定するテスト
  • モデル生物や細胞系に関する研究

主要な成果:

  • m6Aの改変が翻訳開始を刺激することが示された.
  • 証拠によると,m6Aはタンパク質の生産に影響を与える規制マークとして作用する.
  • メイヤーらによる具体的な研究 ウォン氏など 重要なデータを提供すること.

結論:

  • m6A変異は,真核生物における翻訳開始を調節する重要なメカニズムである.
  • これらの発見は,mRNAの調節経路の理解を広げています.
  • m6Aが遺伝子発現に及ぼす影響を完全に調べるために,さらなる研究が必要である.