世界の海洋動物における熱偏差と温暖化に対する脆弱性

Rick D Stuart-Smith¹, Graham J Edgar¹, Neville S Barrett¹

¹Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.

Nature

|November 13, 2015

まとめ

海洋生物の分布は熱的バイアスを示し,地球温暖化によって生物多様性に大きな変化をもたらしています. 温暖化率ではなく温度の限界に近いところが将来の海洋生物の絶滅を予測しています

科学分野:

海洋生物学
気候変動の生態学
生物多様性に関する科学

背景:

地球温暖化の影響に関する生態学的予測は,地元の温度に対してバランスの取れた種の熱的親和性を想定する.
しかし,多くの海洋生物は,温帯または熱帯に集約された広範囲の熱帯を示しています.

研究の目的:

海洋生物の分布における海洋規模の熱偏差を調べるため
海洋温暖化による海洋生物の絶滅を予測するためです

主な方法:

浅瀬の海洋生物の熱分布を分析した.
地域レベルでの温度の偏差は,温暖化感受性の測定値として定量化されています.
海洋温暖化予測による熱偏差データを集約して種の消失を予測する.

主要な成果:

浅瀬の海洋生物のほとんどは,温帯または熱帯に集中した広範囲の熱分布を持っています.
海洋社会はしばしば局所的な熱偏差を示し,種の親和性は局所的な温度と一致しない.
温暖化速度の空間的変動よりも種の熱的限界の接近が将来の地元の種の消失を予測する力強い要因です

結論:

予想される海洋温暖化は海洋生物の組成に大きな変化をもたらすでしょう
生物多様性の変化を正確に予測するには種の熱的親和性と限界を理解することが重要です
現在の分布パターンは温暖化に対する脆弱性を示唆し,熱耐性に焦点を当てた保全戦略を必要とします.

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