7つの社会における公平性の本能化
P R Blake1, K McAuliffe2,3,4, J Corbit5
1Department of Psychological &Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
Nature
|November 19, 2015
まとめ
7つの社会の子供たちは 公平感を育み 幼少期までに 普遍的に不利な不平等に対する 嫌悪感を示します しかし,有利な不平等の嫌悪は文化的に異なっており,発展の後に現れた.
科学分野:
- 発達心理学
- 文化間の心理学
- 行動経済学
背景:
- 人間同士の協力や社会的な団結には 公平性が不可欠です
- 成人の公平性の規範は 文化的差異が大きいので 発達的な影響が示唆される.
- 幼少期の公平性の起源を理解することは 社会的協力の説明の鍵です
研究 の 目的:
- 異なる文化背景にある子供たちの 公平な行動の発達軌道を調査する.
- 幼少期における不平等の嫌悪感と不平等の嫌悪感の出現を検証する.
- 公平な開発を形作る文化の役割を探求する.
主な方法:
- 標準化された資源決定タスクは4歳から15歳の866人の子供ペアに施されました.
- 参加者は世界中の7つの異なる社会から集められました.
- 公平性の2つの主要な指標が評価されました.不公平性の嫌悪感と不公平性の嫌悪感です.
主要な成果:
- 劣った不平等の嫌悪 (同級生が自分より多くを受け取ったときの反応) は,すべての被験者集団の中年期までに普遍的に観察されました.
- 有利な不平等の嫌悪 (自己が同級生より多くを受け取るときに反応する) は,重要な文化的多様性を示し,後に発展した.
- 公平性の発達パターンは7つの社会で異なっており 文化的影響が顕著です
結論:
- 公平性の普遍的な基盤は 特に不利な状況への嫌悪感は 中年の子供に存在します
- 文化的要因は,有利な不平等の嫌悪感の発展と表現を大きく形作る.
- これらの発見は,公平性における普遍的な人間の傾向と文化的特異性との相互作用を理解するのに寄与しています.
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