サイクロプロペニウム・カチョンは 引き寄せの法則を破って 密接に結合したダイマーを形成する
Andrew J Wallace1, Chaminda D Jayasinghe1, Matthew I J Polson1
1Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury , Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 21, 2015
まとめ
2つのサイクロプロペニウムモノメアは,強い分散力によって,転移性ダイケーション型ジマーを形成する. カウンテリオンはこれらのジメルを安定させ,結晶構造の分子間距離を短くする.
科学分野:
- クリスタル・エンジニアリング
- 超分子化学
- 有機化学
背景:
- サイクロプロペニウムイオンは,ユニークな電子特性を有する芳香的有機カチオンです.
- 充電された有機系における分子間相互作用を理解することは 新しい材料の設計に不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- トリス (エチルメチラミノ) サイクロペニウム塩化物とトリス (エチルメチラミノ) サイクロペニウムヨウ酸化物の結晶構造を調査する.
- 分子間相互作用の性質を明らかにし,二酸化二酸化物質の形成につながります.
主な方法:
- 原子の3次元配置を決定する単一結晶X線微分分析.
- 短期間の相互作用を支配する支配的な力を調査するための計算分析.
主要な成果:
- 2つの閉じ殻のモノマー単位から形成された密接に結合したディカチオンジマーを観察する.
- 散らばったモノメアのC3センタード間の短い距離は,π-スタックされた中性または充電されたアレーで通常観察されるよりも短い.
- 短距離の相互作用で強い分散力の優位性により,共振結合なしにメタステーブルなダイマー形成が可能である.
結論:
- メタステーブルな二酸化物は,強い分散力によって固体状態で形成される.
- カウンテリオンは,電荷バランスと弱い静電橋渡しを介して,これらのディケーション二元体を安定させる上で重要な役割を果たします.
- この発見は,有機イオン系における非共性相互作用の理解に寄与する.
関連する概念動画
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview
4.3K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
4.3K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism
3.0K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
3.0K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation
5.1K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
5.1K
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
3.8K
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
3.8K
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview
4.3K
Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous...
Due to the absence of continuous...
4.3K
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction
13.7K
The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
13.7K


