オブジェクトの長期記憶をコードするドーパミンニューロンは,習慣的な行動に役立ちます.
Hyoung F Kim1, Ali Ghazizadeh2, Okihide Hikosaka3
1Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
Cell
|November 23, 2015
まとめ
研究者らは substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) で新しいタイプのドーパミンニューロンを発見し,学習した報酬値を安定的に保持し,習慣的な行動を促進します. この発見は 長期記憶と習慣形成の 神経的基盤に光を当てます
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 行動科学
背景:
- ドーパミンのニューロンは 報酬の値の最近の変化を信号して 結果を最大化します
- フレキシブルな報酬シグナルは 報酬の変動にもかかわらず 習慣的な行動を維持するのに不十分です
研究 の 目的:
- 学習した報酬値の安定した保持に関与するドーパミンニューロン集団を特定する.
- 習慣的な行動と長期的価値記憶の背後にある神経機構を調査する.
主な方法:
- 猿の黒い部分 (SNc) の電気生理学的記録
- 学習された報酬値を持つ視覚的な物に対するドーパミンニューロンの反応の分析.
- SNcドーパミンニューロンから尾状核への投影を追跡する.
主要な成果:
- 尾関節側SNCのドーパミンニューロンの発見
- これらのニューロンは 即座に報酬を得なくても 学習した報酬の値に基づいて 異なった反応を保持します
- 反応は学習によって強化され,最初の獲得後も長く持続します.
- これらのニューロンは 尾状の尾部に発射され 長期的な価値記憶に関わる領域です
結論:
- ドーパミンニューロンの独特な集団は,SNCの学習と習慣的な行動の保持を選択的に促進します.
- これらの"持続型"ニューロンは 長期の価値記憶と 価値ある物体への自動誘導に寄与する.
- この発見は ドーパミンニューロンが 柔軟な学習と 安定した習慣形成の両方に 二重の役割を担うことを明らかにしています
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