歌う鳥の声の発達における神経配列の成長と分裂
Tatsuo S Okubo1, Emily L Mackevicius1, Hannah L Payne2
1McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Nature
|December 1, 2015
まとめ
研究者たちは 声の学習中に 鳥の神経配列がどのように 発達するかを研究しました 異なるシーケンスが 共通の前駆体から生まれ 脳の可塑性やシーケンス生成の 洞察力を提供することを発見しました
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 計算神経科学
- 動物 の 行動
背景:
- 神経の配列は 複雑な行動に不可欠ですが その発達メカニズムは 十分に理解されていません
- 歌う鳥は声の学習と シーケンス生成の 神経的基礎を研究するためのモデルシステムを提供します
研究 の 目的:
- 歌う鳥の脳のHVC (プロパルディン) 領域における神経配列の出現と発達を調査する.
- 異なる音節のための 異なる神経配列が 共通の先駆体からどのように生じるかを理解する
主な方法:
- 声の学習過程中の幼鳥のHVCニューロンの集団からの大規模な神経記録
- 神経活動パターンの分析,アクションポテンシャルバーストのタイミングと音節生成に相対する集団動態に焦点を当てた.
主要な成果:
- 学習の初期に HVCニューロンは"原型"の音節に同期したリズム的な爆発を示します
- ニューロンの活動は連続的なシーケンスを形成し,異なるニューロンが特定の音節発現後の遅延時に活性化します.
- 新しい音節が発達するにつれ 初めは重なり合っていた 神経の配列は 徐々に 区別されるようになります
結論:
- 機械的モデルは,共有された前駆体配列の成長と分裂から複数の神経配列が生じる可能性があることを示唆している.
- これは脳の単純な要素から 学習された多様な行動シーケンスを生成する方法の 枠組みを提供するものです
関連する概念動画
01:30Neurulation
47.3K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
47.3K
01:25Neural Circuits
3.2K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
3.2K
01:15Auditory Pathway
8.9K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
8.9K
01:15Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue
2.0K
In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
2.0K
01:51Determination
21.4K
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
21.4K
01:10Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation
7.2K
The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
7.2K