隣接するサポート細胞における流体分泌メカニズムによって誘発される頭毛細胞の自発的な活動
Han Chin Wang1, Chun-Chieh Lin1, Rockie Chong1
1Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, WBSB 1001, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Cell
|December 3, 2015
まとめ
発達中のの細胞からのATPの放出は,塩化カナルの活動を誘発し,細胞の収縮と聴覚神経の刺激を引き起こします. このプロセスは 聴覚が始まる前に 聴覚系の成熟に不可欠です
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 細胞生物学
- 聴覚システムの開発
背景:
- 神経細胞の自発的な活動は 感覚システムの発達と接続性にとって不可欠です
- 聴覚系では,内部サポート細胞 (ISC) から ATPによって駆動される内部毛細胞 (IHC) の活動により,聴覚の発生前に中央経路が成熟します.
研究 の 目的:
- 内側支柱細胞 (ISC) がATPを放出し,発育中の頭神経細胞の自発的な活動を誘発するメカニズムを調査する.
- このプロセスにおけるTMEM16Aカルシウム活性化塩化物の役割を解明する.
主な方法:
- マウスモデルでTMEM16Aの遺伝子削除を活用した.
- IHCとスパイラル・ギャングリオンニューロンの自発的な活動を測定した.
- 支持する細胞のATP依存の細胞収縮が観察された.
主要な成果:
- ISCの純エネルギー自己受容体へのATP結合はTMEM16Aチャネルを開き,塩化物とカリウム流出を引き起こします.
- この流出は,ISCの収縮と近くのIHCの一時的な脱極化を引き起こす.
- TMEM16Aの遺伝的消去は,IHCとスパイラルギャングリオンニューロンの活動を有意に低下させ,サポート細胞の縮小を防止しました.
結論:
- TMEM16Aを含む流体分泌のような経路を用いて,毛細胞の周期的な興奮を誘発する.
- このメカニズムは 機能的な聴覚の前に 聴覚系の成熟に不可欠です
関連する概念動画
Hair Cells
46.6K
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
46.6K
The Cochlea
52.5K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
52.5K
Auditory Pathway
8.9K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
8.9K
Anatomy of the Ear
13.7K
Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
13.7K
Equilibrium and Balance
8.0K
The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
8.0K
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles
5.5K
Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Hair is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells. Hair strands originate at the epidermal penetration called the hair follicle. The hair shaft is the part...
Hair is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells. Hair strands originate at the epidermal penetration called the hair follicle. The hair shaft is the part...
5.5K


