遺伝子の本質性は,細胞の進化性に関連した定量的な性質である
Gaowen Liu1, Mei Yun Jacy Yong2, Marina Yurieva3
1Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
Cell
|December 3, 2015
まとめ
イーストのほとんどの"必須"遺伝子は適応的進化によって克服され,遺伝子の進化性のグラデントを明らかにします. これは,より良い薬物の標的選択のための進化性を含めるために遺伝子本質性を再定義することを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 遺伝学
- 進化生物学
- システム生物学
背景:
- 遺伝子の本質性は,遺伝子の削除時に細胞の生存能力によって伝統的に定義されています.
- この定義は 遺伝的変化に対応して 適応し進化する 細胞の能力を無視しています
- 適応的進化を理解することは,遺伝子機能の包括的な見方にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- Saccharomyces cerevisiaeにおける重要な遺伝子の進化性を定量的に評価する.
- 重要な遺伝子の削除に適応するメカニズムの調査.
- 遺伝子の本質性について再定義された概念を提案し, 進化性を組み込む.
主な方法:
- 酵母菌における ~1,000の必須遺伝子の削除後の生存を評価するために厳格な遺伝子スクリーンを実施しました.
- 進化した変異株を適応性変異とプロイド性変化に分析した.
- 遺伝子の本質性と進化性のゲノム全体のグラデントを定量化した.
主要な成果:
- 遺伝子の欠損の約9%は適応進化によって克服されました.
- ゲノム全体のグラデーションを特定し, 遺伝子の進化のレベルが変化していることを示した.
- ヌクレオポリン変異体における適応性アヌプロイディを含むプロイディの変化が観察された.
結論:
- 遺伝子の本質性は絶対的ではなく,適応的進化によって影響を受けます.
- 遺伝子の本質性の定量的な再定義は,生存能力と進化可能性の両方を統合する必要があります.
- この改訂された理解は,抵抗性の発生のリスクを減らす治療目標の選択に役立ちます.
関連する概念動画
01:08Evolution of Microbial Genome
45
Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
45
01:24Evolution of New Traits in Microbes
97
Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
97
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
8.4K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
8.4K
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
3.8K
3.8K
02:19Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes
4.4K
A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
4.4K
03:21Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
9.4K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.4K