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草原の生物多様性は,長期にわたる窒素添加から回復する

J Storkey¹, A J Macdonald¹, P R Poulton¹

¹Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.

|December 4, 2015

まとめ

草原の生物多様性は,窒素 (N) の汚染が減少するにつれて回復することができます. 汚染や肥料による窒素の堆積を減らすことで,長期間実施されたイギリスでの実験で,種の豊かさと多様性が改善され,回復力も示されました.

科学分野:

エコロジー
環境科学
植物学

背景:

大気中の窒素 (N) の汚染は草原の生物多様性に悪影響を及ぼします.
イギリスのクリーンな技術により,窒素酸化物の排出量と窒素の堆積量が減少しました.
草原の生物多様性を回復させるには不確実性がある.

研究の目的:

草原の生物多様性への反応を調査する.
長期にわたる窒素添加が生物多様性の回復不能な状態につながるかどうかを評価する.
生物多様性の回復に対する減少した窒素の投入の効果を評価する.

主な方法:

160年前の公園草実験のデータ分析
豆類の割合,種数,多様性の変化を監視する.
時間の経過で (大気と肥料) 濃度が低下した土地の比較 (1991年−2012年)

主要な成果:

生物多様性 (豆類の割合,種多様性,多様性) は,窒素の堆積が減少するにつれて増加した.
1989年に無機肥料の使用を停止した牧草地では,特に石灰に塗った場合,多様性が著しく回復しました.
慢性的なN添加による代替的な生物多様性の低い状態の証拠はなく,極端な酸性化の場合を除く.

結論:

汚染や肥料による窒素添加を減らすことは,草原の生物多様性に影響を及ぼします.
長期にわたる窒素添加は必ずしも生物多様性の回復不能な状態につながらない.
刈り込みによるバイオマスの除去は,植物コミュニティの回復を容易にし,より広い景観との違いを説明します.

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