癌の発症に対する外部リスク因子の有意な貢献
Song Wu1,2, Scott Powers1,2,3, Wei Zhu1,2
1Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.
Nature
|December 18, 2015
まとめ
癌のリスクは 幹細胞分裂のような内在的な要因にのみ 起因するものではありません 外部環境要因はより大きな役割を果たし,がん予防戦略に新しい道を開きます.
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学
- 遺伝学
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 組織特異的な癌リスクと生涯の幹細胞分裂の間には強い相関関係がある.
- "不運"の仮説は,内在的要因 (幹細胞の分裂) ががんリスクを大きく決定し,公衆衛生上の議論を巻き起こしていることを示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 癌の発生に内在的要因と外在的要因の相対的な貢献を調査する.
- 幹細胞の分裂と癌のリスクを分析することで"不運"仮説を再評価する.
主な方法:
- 幹細胞の分裂と癌のリスクとの相関を分析し,内在的および外在的な影響を区別する.
- 幹細胞全体の分裂を制御することによって,固有のリスクを推定する.
- 観察されたがんリスクに対する内生性変異率の十分性を評価する.
主要な成果:
- 本質的なリスク要因は,全体的ながん発症にわずかに寄与する (生涯リスクの10~30%以下と推定される).
- 幹細胞の分裂と癌のリスクとの間の相関は,内在的な要因のみを意味するものではありません.
- 内生変異の蓄積率は,観察された癌のリスクを完全に説明しません.
結論:
- 癌のリスクは本質的な生物学的プロセスだけでなく 外的な要因によって大きく影響されます
- 公共衛生の戦略は,がん予防のための外部リスク要因を軽減することに焦点を当てるべきです.
- 癌の病因における内在的および外在的要因の相互作用を正確に定量化するには,さらなる研究が必要である.
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