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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Non-ohmic Devices00:51

Non-ohmic Devices

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In most substances, the current flow is proportional to the voltage applied to it. A simple relationship between the values of current, voltage, and resistance is known as Ohm's law. Nonohmic devices do not exhibit a linear relationship between voltage and current. One such device is the semiconducting circuit element known as a diode. A diode is a circuit device that allows current flow in only one direction.
Consider a simple circuit consisting of a battery, a diode, and a resistor. A...
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Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
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Biasing of FET01:22

Biasing of FET

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Biasing a Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) is crucial for setting operational parameters and ensuring efficient functioning in electronic circuits. JFETs are characterized by using a single carrier type in N-channel or P-channel configurations, where the channel is surrounded by PN junctions. These junctions are central to the device's ability to control current flow.
In an N-channel JFET, the structure consists of N-type material forming the channel on a P-type substrate, with the...
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MOSFET: Enhancement Mode01:22

MOSFET: Enhancement Mode

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Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no...
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Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
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プログラムされたナノ構造に基づく調節可能な光熱アクチュエータ

Jue Deng1, Jianfeng Li1, Peining Chen1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 19, 2015
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者はナノ材料を用いた 調節可能な機械的アクチュエーションの新しい戦略を開発しました ロボット工学や太陽光発電などの 先進的な用途で 植物を真似して 光に駆動された様々な動きを可能にします

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 機械工学
  • ナノテクノロジー

背景:

  • 環境刺激に反応する複雑な調整可能なメカニカルアクチュエーションを達成することは,さまざまなアプリケーションにとって不可欠です.
  • 既存の方法には 洗練された反応性のある材料に必要な 汎用性と効率性が欠けています

研究 の 目的:

  • 多種多様なフォトメカニカルアクチュエーションの製造のための一般的で効果的な戦略を開発する.
  • 物質の操作によって様々な機械的な動きを生成する 植物のような自然系を模倣する

主な方法:

  • 光力学的反応を制御するために 一次元のナノ材料の方向性を操作する.
  • 植物のセルロース繊維の方向性からヒントを得た戦略です

主要な成果:

  • フォトトロピク/アフェリトロピク曲線と3Dヘリカルブックリングを含む複数のフォトメカニカルアクチュエーションを成功裏に生成しました.
  • 100,000サイクル後に検出可能な疲労なしで,迅速 (ミリ秒) で可逆的なアクチュエーションが実証されています.
  • 光操作ロボットアームと太陽光発電システムのための複雑な統合運動を開発しました.

結論:

  • 開発された戦略は,複雑な,光駆動の機械的な動きを作成するための多用途のプラットフォームを提供します.
  • このアプローチは,ロボット工学,エネルギー収集,および反応性のある材料を必要とする他の分野での応用に重要な可能性を秘めています.