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Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency
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多能性 に 対する ステップ ストーン

Hitoshi Niwa1

  • 1Department of Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.

Cell
|December 22, 2015
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は体細胞の化学的再プログラムにおいて 新しい中間状態を発見した. この発見は,誘発性多能幹細胞の生成の効率と速度を大幅に高めています.

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科学分野:

  • 幹細胞生物学
  • 細胞を再プログラムする
  • 生物化学

背景:

  • ソマティック細胞は,転写因子発現または化学処理によって誘発性多能幹細胞 (iPSC) に変換することができる.
  • 化学的再プログラミングは 遺伝子改造のより安全な代替手段ですが 効率とスピードの面で 課題に直面することが多いのです

研究 の 目的:

  • 体細胞の化学的再プログラム強化のための新しい戦略を調査する.
  • 再プログラミングプロセスを最適化できる重要な中間状態を特定する.

主な方法:

  • 体細胞の再プログラミングを誘導するために 小分子化合物を利用した.
  • 細胞マーカーと遺伝子発現パターンを分析し,再プログラム中に異なる細胞状態を特定しました.

主要な成果:

  • 化学再プログラム中に 細胞の特殊な状態を特定した
  • この中間状態をターゲットにすることで 再プログラム効率を大幅に改善することが示されました
  • iPSC生成の動きが著しく加速した.

結論:

  • 化学再プログラミングの最適化には 特定の中間状態の発見が不可欠です
  • この発見は,より効率的で迅速な iPSC 生成方法を開発するための新しい道を提供します.