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関連する概念動画

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Whole-Cell Recording of Calcium Release-Activated Calcium (CRAC) Currents in Human T Lymphocytes
15:29

Whole-Cell Recording of Calcium Release-Activated Calcium (CRAC) Currents in Human T Lymphocytes

Published on: December 21, 2010

カルシウムとTリンパ球の活性化

P Gardner1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California 94305.

Cell
|October 6, 1989
PubMed
まとめ

T細胞の活性化には,信号伝達に不可欠な細胞内カルシウム (Ca2+) の持続的な上昇が伴う. この研究では,T細胞受容体刺激中に持続的なCa2+上昇の原因となるTリンパ球内の特定のカルシウムチャネルを特定しました.

科学分野:

  • 免疫学 免疫学とは
  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー

背景:

  • T細胞受容体/CD3 (TCR/CD3) リガンドによるT細胞活性化は,細胞内カルシウム ([Ca2+]i) の長期的増加につながります.
  • カルシウム (Ca2+) はT細胞の早期活性化において重要な第2伝達物質として作用するが,下流の分子現象は完全に理解されていない.
  • [Ca2+]i信号は,初期の一時的なピークと,変異した超膜Ca2+フルスによる持続的な平原を含みます.

研究 の 目的:

  • T細胞の活性化中に細胞内カルシウムの持続的な上昇を支える分子メカニズムを調査する.
  • T細胞のカルシウム動態に関与する特定のイオンチャンネルとシグナル伝達経路を特定する.
  • TCR/CD3媒介カルシウム動員におけるGタンパク質結合受容体の潜在的な役割を調査する.

主な方法:

  • パッチクランプの電気生理学で,Tリンパ球のプラズマ膜のCa2+透過性チャネルを研究する.
  • 細胞内カルシウム振動とその周期性の分析.
  • タンパク質キナーゼC (PKC),フォスフォリパゼC (PLC),その他のシグナリング分子を含むフィードバックメカニズムの研究.

主要な成果:

  • T細胞のプラズマ膜に,イノシトールトリスホスファート (InsP3) 活性化され,Ca2+透過性のチャネルが特定され,持続的な[Ca2+]i上昇の原因となる可能性が高い.

さらに関連する動画

The Use of Flow Cytometry to Assess the State of Chromatin in T Cells
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The Use of Flow Cytometry to Assess the State of Chromatin in T Cells

Published on: December 17, 2015

Imaging Initial Ca2+ Microdomains in Primary T Cells
05:56

Imaging Initial Ca2+ Microdomains in Primary T Cells

Published on: October 4, 2024

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Whole-Cell Recording of Calcium Release-Activated Calcium (CRAC) Currents in Human T Lymphocytes
15:29

Whole-Cell Recording of Calcium Release-Activated Calcium (CRAC) Currents in Human T Lymphocytes

Published on: December 21, 2010

The Use of Flow Cytometry to Assess the State of Chromatin in T Cells
11:01

The Use of Flow Cytometry to Assess the State of Chromatin in T Cells

Published on: December 17, 2015

Imaging Initial Ca2+ Microdomains in Primary T Cells
05:56

Imaging Initial Ca2+ Microdomains in Primary T Cells

Published on: October 4, 2024

  • TCR/CD3媒介のCa2+シグナリングは,16〜20秒間の周期で繰り返される振動を示し,周波数でコードされたシグナリングを示唆します.
  • PKC媒介のCD3ガンマリン酸化とCa2+依存のPLC活性化を含む複数の非線形フィードバックループが,振動的なCa2+信号に寄与する.

    • 結論:

    • 特定のプラズマ膜カルシウムチャネルは,T細胞活性化における持続的なCa2+シグナル伝達に不可欠である.
    • Ca2+シグナルの振動的な性質は,複雑な周波数調節シグナリングシステムを示唆しています.
    • T細胞活性化におけるGタンパク質の正確な役割と,TCR/CD3とGタンパク質結合受容体の構造的同質性を明らかにするために,さらなる研究が必要である.