肺がんの治療に関するランダム化制御試験の質,進化,および臨床的影響. メタアナリシスの失われた機会
A Nicolucci1, R Grilli, A A Alexanian
1Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, S Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy.
JAMA
|October 20, 1989
まとめ
抽出処理とサンプルサイズなどの肺がん試験における方法論的欠陥は,進歩を妨げています. いくつかの改善にもかかわらず,一貫性のない品質と明確な有効性データの欠如は,肺がん治療研究におけるメタアナリシスの価値を制限しています.
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学 腫瘍学
- 臨床試験の方法論 臨床試験の方法論
- 根拠に基づいた医学は,証拠に基づいた医療です.
背景:
- ランダム化対照試験 (RCT) は,肺がん治療の進歩に不可欠です.
- 以前のレビューは,公表された肺がん試験の方法論的な限界を示唆しています.
- 証拠の質を評価することは,臨床実践と将来の研究を導くために不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 肺がん治療における公開されたランダム化試験の方法論的質を批判的に評価する.
- 試験の設計,実施,および報告に関する懸念事項を特定する.
- 時間の経過とともに試験の質の進化とその結果の信頼性への影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 肺がん治療に関する 150 件の公開されたランダム化試験の体系的レビューと批判的評価.
- 方法論的側面の評価は,撤回の処理,サンプルサイズ推定,ランダム化手順,適格な非ランダム化患者の報告を含む.
- 時間の経過とともに試験の質の傾向と,非小細胞肺癌と小細胞肺癌の違いの分析.
主要な成果:
- 検討された試験の大部分において,重大な方法論的欠陥が特定されました.
- 懸念の対象となった主な分野は,退治の不適切な処理 (7/150試験のみ),未指定のサンプルサイズ計算 (9/150試験のみ),不満足なランダム化ブラインド (22/150試験のみ),適格な非ランダム化患者の不正確な報告 (13/150試験のみ) であった.
- 設計と報告の改善は随時観察されたが,特に非小細胞肺がんでは,効果が証明されていないにもかかわらず,未治療の対照群が放棄された.
結論:
- 肺がんのランダム化試験の方法論的質は依然として大きな懸念事項であり,結果の信頼性を制限しています.
- 治験の質の不一致と,非小細胞肺がんにおける未治療の対照群の放棄は,効果的な治療法の確立における課題を強調しています.
- 既存の治験の異質性と方法論的限界により,定量的なメタアナリシスは,最適な肺がん治療の定義に建設的になる可能性が低い.
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