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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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幹細胞と健康的な老化

Margaret A Goodell1, Thomas A Rando2

  • 1Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. goodell@bcm.edu rando@stanford.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 20, 2016
PubMed
まとめ

老化により幹細胞の機能が低下し 組織の健康に影響します 幹細胞に影響を与える遺伝的,表遺伝的,環境的要因を理解することで 健康的な老化と組織再生を促進する戦略を明らかにすることができます.

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科学分野:

  • ゲロントロジー と 再生医学
  • 幹細胞生物学と老化に関する研究

背景:

  • 幹細胞は 生涯にわたって 組織の健康と再生を維持するために 極めて重要です
  • 年齢とともに 幹細胞の機能は低下し 組織修復や全体的な健康に影響します
  • 幹細胞の老化過程を理解することは 健康的な老化のための介入の開発に不可欠です

研究 の 目的:

  • 各種の組織における幹細胞機能に対する老化の影響を調査する.
  • 年齢による幹細胞再生能力の低下のメカニズムを解明する.
  • 健康的な老化を促すための幹細胞機能の強化のための戦略を探求する.

主な方法:

  • 幹細胞と老化に関する最近の研究のレビューと要約
  • 遺伝的変異を含む,時間とともに幹細胞の機能に影響を与える要因の分析.
  • 幹細胞の老化におけるエピジェネティック変化と その役割の検討
  • 幹細胞の健康に及ぼす外部環境の影響の評価

主要な成果:

  • 老化は複数の組織の幹細胞機能に 負の影響を及ぼします
  • 遺伝子の変異が蓄積され 年齢とともに 幹細胞の行動が変化します
  • エピジェネティック変異と環境要因が相互作用して 幹細胞の健康状態を 時間の経過とともに低下させます

結論:

  • 年齢による幹細胞機能の低下は 遺伝的,表遺伝的,環境的要因の複雑な相互作用によって引き起こされます
  • これらの老化メカニズムを より深く理解することで 治療の標的となる可能性が生まれます
  • 幹細胞の機能を強化することで 組織の回復力を高め 健康的な老化を促すことができます