死産率,リスク要因,そして2030年までの加速
Joy E Lawn1, Hannah Blencowe1, Peter Waiswa2
1Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Saving Newborn Lives, Save the Children, Washington, DC, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|January 23, 2016
まとめ
毎年 何百万もの死産が起きており 産婦人死亡率の減少に遅れをとっています 予防可能な悲劇を防ぐには 出産時のケアとデータ登録の改善が不可欠です
科学分野:
- 世界保健
- 産婦人科
- 周周病学
背景:
- 2015年には推定260万人の妊婦が 生後3ヶ月で死亡し,減少の進捗は母子死亡率より遅かった.
- "新生児毎の行動計画"では 2030年までに1000人あたりの死産を 12人以下にするという目標を掲げています この目標は高所得国では既に達成されていますが 他の56カ国では加速的な進展が必要となります
研究 の 目的:
- 死産の世界的な負担を分析し,主要な原因とリスク要因を特定し,データ収集と介入の改善の必要性を強調する.
- 妊産婦の死亡や新生児の死亡を防ぐために 妊産婦のケアを改善する上で 重要な役割を強調する.
主な方法:
- 産婦人死亡率と幼児死亡率との比較を含む,世界の死産率の推定値と傾向の分析
- 変形可能な要因と胎盤機能の役割に焦点を当てた死産の因果関係に関するデータのレビュー.
- 新生児と死産児の出生と死亡記録の完全性の評価
主要な成果:
- 死産のほとんどは (98%) 低所得国や中所得国で発生し,出産時のケアが改善されたら 予防可能な出産中の死産は130万件です.
- 生まれながらの異常は 軽微な原因ですが 母親の感染,非伝染性疾患,栄養,長期妊娠などの 変化する要因が 大きく影響します
- 新生児死亡の5%未満と出生死者の数も少ないため,データ不足が大きいため,標的を絞った介入が困難です.
結論:
- 死産を減らすための"すべての新生児行動計画"の目標を達成するには,多くの国で加速的な進展が必要である.
- 健康施設でのすべての出生と死亡のデータ収集と登録の改善は,効果的な死産予防戦略にとって不可欠です.
- 変更可能な危険因子に焦点を当てた標的型の介入と 産前ケアを強化することで 死産の全般的な負担を大幅に軽減できます
関連する概念動画
Population Growth
29.5K
Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.
29.5K
Teratogenicity
4.5K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
4.5K
Applications of Life Tables
409
Life tables are versatile across various fields, providing a quantitative basis for analyzing mortality and survival rates. Whether used by demographers, actuaries, epidemiologists, or sociologists, life tables offer valuable insights into the dynamics of life and death, facilitating informed decisions in public health, insurance, conservation, and beyond. Their broad applicability highlights the interconnectedness of demographic data with practical outcomes in everyday life and strategic...
409
Development of the Oral Microbiota
19
The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
19
Regression Toward the Mean
7.3K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
7.3K
Meiosis vs. Mitosis
74.0K
Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
74.0K


