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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

1.8K
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
1.8K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
8.0K
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Author Spotlight: Optimized Protocol for Detecting Antigen-Specific T Cells in Mouse Lungs Using Tetramers
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主要ヒストコンパティビリティ複合体Eによって制限された広範に標的化されたCD8+T細胞応答

Scott G Hansen1, Helen L Wu1, Benjamin J Burwitz1

  • 1Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 23, 2016
PubMed
まとめ

修飾されたサイトメガロウイルスベクターによるワクチン接種は,メジャー・ヒストコンパティビリティ・コンプレックスE (MHC- E) によって制限される多様なT細胞反応を誘発する. これらのMHC- E- 制限されたCD8 ((+)) T細胞反応は,持続的なウイルス感染症に対して優れた有効性を提供する可能性があります.

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Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

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Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

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科学分野:

  • 免疫学
  • ウイルス学
  • 構造生物学

背景:

  • メジャー・ヒストコンパティビリティ・コンプレックスE (MHC-E) は,自然キラー (NK) 細胞を調節する保存された非古典的なMHCクラスIb分子である.
  • MHC-Eは,NK細胞の検出を回避するためにHIVや猿の免疫不全ウイルスなどの持続性ウイルスによって上位調節されます.

研究 の 目的:

  • MHC-Eのペプチド結合とT細胞表現能力を調査する.
  • 持続性ウイルス感染症に対するMHC-E制限T細胞の反応の可能性を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 特定の遺伝子 (Rh157. 5とRh157. 4) が欠けていたレサス・サイトメガロウイルスベクトルでワクチン接種した.
  • CD8αβ(+) T細胞に対するペプチドエピトープのMHC- E制限表現を分析した.
  • MHC-Eでは計算による構造分析が行われました.

主要な成果:

  • CD8αβ ((+)) T細胞に対する様々なペプチドエピトープのMHC- E制限されたプレゼンテーションを誘発した.
  • テストされた抗原全体で,約100アミノ酸あたり4つの異なるエピトープが示されました.
  • 構造分析により,様々なサイドチェーン相互作用を収納する安定した,オープンなMHC-E結合槽が明らかになった.

結論:

  • MHC-Eは広範なエピトープを提示し,免疫介入のターゲットとしての可能性を示唆しています.
  • MHC- E- 制限されたCD8 ((+)) T細胞応答を利用することで,ウイルスの免疫逃避戦略を活かして,持続性のあるウイルスに対する治療効果を高めることができます.