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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

4.0K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
4.0K
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

108
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
108
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

14.8K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
14.8K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

9.4K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
9.4K
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

6.4K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
6.4K
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

32.1K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
32.1K

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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二酸化炭素削減のためのグラファイト結合レニウム触媒

Seokjoon Oh1, James R Gallagher2, Jeffrey T Miller2,3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 26, 2016
PubMed
まとめ

新しいグラファイト結合レニウム (GCC-Re) 触媒は,CO2を効率的にCOに変換します. これらの異質な触媒は高い活性と安定性を示し,二酸化炭素削減の有望な経路を提供します.

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Solar-Driven Electrochemical Green Fuel Production from CO2 and Water Using Ti3C2Tx MXene-Supported CuZn and NiCo Catalysts
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Solar-Driven Electrochemical Green Fuel Production from CO2 and Water Using Ti3C2Tx MXene-Supported CuZn and NiCo Catalysts

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CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light
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CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light

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CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light
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科学分野:

  • 電気化学
  • 材料科学
  • カタリシス

背景:

  • CO2削減のための効率的な電気触媒の開発は,持続可能なエネルギーにとって極めて重要です.
  • 異質な触媒は,同質なシステムよりも分離と再利用の利点を提供します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 新しいグラファイト結合レニウム (GCC-Re) 触媒の合成と特徴づけ
  • GCC-ReのCO2をCOに減らすための電気触媒性能を評価する.
  • 触媒メカニズムを調査し,分子アナログと比較する.

主な方法:

  • 炭素表面にレニウム複合体の凝縮.
  • X線光電子スペクトロスコーピー (XPS) とX線吸収スペクトロスコーピー (XAS) を用いて特徴を決定する.
  • サイクルボルトメトリーとクロノアンペロメトリーを含む電気化学測定.

主要な成果:

  • 定義された調整環境を持つ表面に縛られたReセンターの形成.
  • GCC-Re触媒は,CO2削減のための高い活性 (>50 mA cm(-2)) と選択性 (>96%のファラダイク効率) を表しています.
  • GCC-Reは,溶性アナログよりも高い周回頻度と数を示し,Tafelの傾きは1電子転送メカニズムを示している.

結論:

  • グラファイト結合は,明確に定義された異質な電気触媒を作るための効果的な戦略です.
  • GCC-Re触媒は,CO2削減のために非常に活発で安定しています.
  • このアプローチは,すぐに利用可能なグラフィティック・サポーターで調節可能な触媒の設計を可能にします.