関連する実験動画
Updated: Mar 26, 2026

10:36
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Published on: July 22, 2008
21.5K
ES細胞におけるクロマチンのリモデラーの全ゲノム特異性と機能
Maud de Dieuleveult1, Kuangyu Yen2,3, Isabelle Hmitou1
1Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Nature
|January 28, 2016
まとめ
ATPに依存するクロマチンのリモデラーは,マウスの胚性幹細胞のプロモーター端にある特定の核細胞を標的として転写を調節する. これらのリモデレータは,アクティブで二価な遺伝子で異なる役割を果たし,クロマチンのアクセシビリティと遺伝子発現プログラムに影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学
- 遺伝学
- エピジェネティクス
背景:
- ATPに依存するクロマチンの改造剤は,転写におけるDNAアクセシビリティに不可欠です.
- 哺乳類の染色体リモデレータの特定の核細胞標的と調節作用は,大部分が特徴づけられていない.
研究 の 目的:
- ネズミの胚性幹細胞における8つの重要な染色体リモデレータのゲノム全体のリモデレータ-核細胞相互作用をマッピングする.
- クロマチンリモデレータが特定の核細胞で転写を調節するメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- ChIP-seqを用いたリモデラー-ヌクレオソーム相互作用の全ゲノムプロファイリング.
- ミクロコックヌクレアゼ (MNase) の消化により,ヌクレオソームフリー領域 (NFR) が定義される.
- リモデラーの枯渇後のトランスクリプトーム分析 (RNA-seq).
主要な成果:
- クロマチンリモデレータは,NFRの隣接する核細胞に結合し,異なった転写に影響を与えます.
- CpGが豊富なNFRにはヒストンの変種 (H3.3,H2A.Z) と活性マーク (H3K4me3,H3K27ac) が含まれています.
- リモデラーの枯渇は文脈に依存する役割:活性遺伝子のポジティブ/ネガティブ,二価遺伝子の逆効果を明らかにする.
結論:
- 哺乳類のクロマチンの改造剤は,NFRの縁にある特定の核細胞を標的とする.
- 改造剤は胚性幹細胞の活性・二価遺伝子を差異的に調節する.
- これらの相互作用は,ES細胞の転写プログラムを維持するために重要です.
関連する概念動画
Nucleosome Remodeling
11.6K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
11.6K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells
2.3K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
2.3K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming
2.2K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
2.2K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
9.9K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
Writers
The writer...
9.9K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
7.8K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
7.8K
Duplication of Chromatin Structure
7.6K
The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
7.6K

