食中の抗原は,小腸内の調節性T細胞を誘発することによって,粘膜免疫を制限する

Kwang Soon Kim¹, Sung-Wook Hong¹, Daehee Han¹

¹Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea. Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 30, 2016

まとめ

固体食品からの食用抗原は,小腸内の特定の調節性T細胞 (Treg) を誘導する. これらの食物誘発のTreg細胞は,摂取したタンパク質に対する免疫を抑制し,経口での耐性には極めて重要です.

科学分野:

免疫学
胃腸内科
T細胞生物学

背景:

口服による耐性は,通常,食事による抗原に対する免疫反応を,調節性T細胞 (Treg) 経由で防ぐ.
典型的な食事成分による周辺のTreg (pTreg) 細胞の誘導は,まだ十分に理解されていません.

研究の目的:

通常の食生活が生理学的条件下で外周Treg (pTreg) 細胞を誘発するかどうかを調査する.
小腸における食事によるpTreg細胞の起源と機能を特徴づける.

主な方法:

細菌のないマウスを使用し,抗原のない基本的食事で維持した.
小腸のTreg細胞の集団と特性を分析した.

主要な成果:

固体食品からの食用抗原が正常な条件下で小腸のpTreg細胞の主な誘導体であることを実証した.
食物に誘発されたpTreg細胞は寿命が限られており,微生物群に誘発されたpTreg細胞とは異なっていることが示された.
これらのpTreg細胞は摂取したタンパク質抗原に対する免疫反応を効果的に抑制することが確認されました

結論:

食事による抗体は,小腸における免疫抑制性pTreg細胞の有意な集団を誘発するために不可欠である.
これらの発見は,食物の成分に対する口服耐性の重要なメカニズムを明らかにしています.
腸内免疫の形成における食事対微生物抗原の異なる役割を強調する.

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