基底ガンジアによる脳幹運動回路の細胞型特異的制御

Thomas K Roseberry¹, A Moses Lee², Arnaud L Lalive³

¹The Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Cell

|January 30, 2016

まとめ

ベースガンリアは特定の脳幹ニューロンを調節することで運動を制御します直接的・間接的な経路によってこれらのニューロンが活性化または抑制され運動の開始または抑制が可能になります

科学分野:

神経科学
モーターコントロール
システム神経科学

背景:

ベースガンリア (BG) は適応運動制御に不可欠です.
BG経路が中脳運動領域 (MLR) のような標的領域を調節する方法を理解することは,運動制御メカニズムを解読するために不可欠です.

研究の目的:

BGの直接的および間接的な経路が移動のためのMLRを制御する回路メカニズムを調査する.
移動のBG制御を媒介する異なるMLR細胞の役割を解明する.

主な方法:

MLRニューロンのサブ集団 (グルタマタージック,GABAergic,コレナージック) の光遺伝解剖.
MLR細胞タイプとのBG経路の相互作用を調査する.
ロコモーター行動への影響を評価する

主要な成果:

MLRグルタマタージックニューロンは,運動状態と速度をコードし,移動に必要で十分であり,選択的なBG内化を受けます.
BGの直接経路はMLRのグルタマタージックニューロンを活性化し,間接経路はそれらを抑制する.
この差分調節は,BG回路による移動の双方向制御を可能にします.

結論:

BGは,MLRニューロンの細胞型特異的な調節を通じて,運動プログラムを開始または抑制します.
運動の開始と抑制の神経的基礎について根本的な洞察を提供しています

さらに関連する動画

04:59

Spinal Cord Electrophysiology

Published on: January 18, 2010

22.3K

05:39

A Fine Motor Task to Study Joint Kinematics in a Preclinical Model of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: June 13, 2025

1.0K

関連する概念動画

01:19

Brainstem

7.9K

The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...

7.9K

01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

6.7K

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.

6.7K

01:21

Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla

5.3K

The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several nuclei, including the olivary, cuneate, gracile, and solitary nuclei.
Olivary Nucleus
The olivary nucleus, or inferior olivary nucleus, is located within the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata. It is primarily involved in motor coordination and motor learning. The olivary nucleus receives input from the spinal cord, cerebellum, and motor...

5.3K

01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

3.8K

The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...

3.8K

01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

5.2K

The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...

5.2K

01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

5.4K

The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...