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21世紀における母乳育児:疫学,メカニズム,生涯にわたる影響
Cesar G Victora1, Rajiv Bahl2, Aluísio J D Barros1
1International Center for Equity in Health, Post-Graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Lancet (London, England)
|February 13, 2016
まとめ
母乳育児は 感染症や特定の癌から 守るなど 子供と母親の健康に 大きな利点をもたらします 世界的に母乳育児を拡大すれば 毎年何百万人もの子供や女性の死を 防ぐことができます
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 小児科
- 腫瘍学
背景:
- 低所得国や中所得国では 母乳育児が不可欠ですが 高所得国では 母乳の重要性については あまり知られていません
- 母乳の授乳期間は 資源が乏しい国と比較して 一般的に短くなります
- 最近の調査結果では 社会経済的な地位に関係なく 母乳育児の利点が 増えていることが示されています
研究 の 目的:
- 母乳育児が子どもと母親の健康に与える利点に関する現在の証拠をまとめます.
- 高所得国と低所得国における様々な健康結果に対する母乳の影響を評価する.
- 哺乳率の上昇が世界の死亡率に与える潜在的影響を定量化する.
主な方法:
- 授乳と子供の健康との関連性を評価するためにメタ分析が行われました.
- 過去10年の疫学と生物学的発見が検討された.
- 世界的な死亡率のデータを分析して 授乳の拡大の影響を推定した.
主要な成果:
- 母乳の授乳は,小児の感染症,閉塞障害,知能の向上,肥満および2型糖尿病の減少と関連しています.
- アレルギー障害,血圧,コレステロールとの有意な関連は見つかりませんでしたが,母乳育児期間が長くなると歯が増加することが示されました.
- 授乳は乳がんを予防し,出産間隔を短くし,卵巣がんや2型糖尿病のリスクを軽減します.
結論:
- 世界的に母乳育児が普及すれば 毎年82万3千人以上の幼児死亡と 2万人の母乳癌による死亡を 防ぐことができるでしょう
- 乳児と母親の健康状態を改善するために 母乳育児の促進を強く支持する証拠があります
- 世界中で母乳育児の割合を高めるため,さらなる研究と公衆衛生イニシアチブが必要である.
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