信頼性の高いシグナルとしての第三者罰
Jillian J Jordan1, Moshe Hoffman2, Paul Bloom1
1Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
Nature
|February 26, 2016
まとめ
第三者による処罰 (TPP) は,信頼性を示すことで利己性を抑止します. 他人を罰する人は 信頼されやすく 協力し合える人として見られ 罰の代償は評判によって取り戻されます
科学分野:
- 行動経済学
- ゲーム理論
- 社会心理学
背景:
- 第三者による処罰 (TPP) は,利己的な行動を抑止することによって協力を促進するために不可欠です.
- 他人を罰するために費用を負う個人の動機は,社会的ダイナミクスの開かれた問題です.
研究 の 目的:
- 信頼性の高い信号としてTPPのゲーム理論モデルを開発し,実証的に検証する.
- 信頼性の個別の違いがTPPへの参加の決定にどのように影響するか調査する.
- TPPと他のプロ社会的シグナル行動の相互作用を探求する.
主な方法:
- 個人の固有の信頼性のシグナルとしてTPPを分析するゲーム理論モデルの開発.
- TPPのシグナル特性を評価するために経済ゲーム実験を用いた実証検証.
- TPPのシグナリング効果と高価な助けを比較するための実験操作.
主要な成果:
- TPPは信頼性の信頼できるシグナルとして機能し,第三者の懲罰者はより信頼性が高く,より信頼性の高い行動を示します.
- TPPのシグナリング効果は,高価な助けのような,より情報的なシグナルがある場合に弱まります.
- TPPの存在にも関わらず 信頼性の強いシグナルとして頻繁に利用されています
結論:
- TPPは評判のメカニズムとして理解され 個人が自分の信頼性を示すために 罰金に投資します
- TPPに関連するコストは,評判と信頼の強化による長期的な利益で相殺できます.
- 費用のかかるシグナルとしてTPPを理解することは,社会的協力と信頼を維持する役割の正式な枠組みを提供します.
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