世界の森林覆いの最近の変化による生物学的気候影響

Ramdane Alkama¹, Alessandro Cescatti¹

¹European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 26, 2016

まとめ

森林の減少は,特に乾燥した地域では,気温の変動を強め,土地の気温を上昇させます. 森林の変化による生体物理的温暖化は,地球温暖化に関する評価に影響を及ぼします.

科学分野:

気候科学
エコロジー
地球観測

背景:

森林の覆いの変化は,土地と大気のエネルギーと水の交換を通じて,地域の気候に大きな影響を与える.
これらの生物学的気候効果の正確な大きさは議論の余地があり,国際気候政策ではしばしば見過ごされています.

研究の目的:

観測データを用いて,最近の地球規模の森林の減少と増加による気候変動の影響を定量化する.
異なる気候圏における森林覆いの変動による生物学的温暖化効果を評価する.

主な方法:

2003年から2012年にかけての地球観測データを活用して,世界の森林覆いの変化を追跡した.
観測された森林覆いの動態に関連して分析された地表温度.

主要な成果:

森林の減少は昼間の気温変動を増加させ,平均気温と最大気温を上昇させることが判明しました.
温暖化効果は乾燥地帯で最も顕著であり,温帯地域,熱帯地域,北極地域が次いでいます.
森林覆いの変動は,調査期間中に土地利用の変化によるCO2排出に起因する地球温暖化シグナルの約18%を占めた.

結論:

森林覆いの変化の生体物理的な影響は,土地表面温度に大きな影響を与えます.
これらの発見は,気候変動の評価と政策議論に森林に関連する生体物理的影響を組み込む必要性を強調しています.

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