遺伝子発現の調節体としてのレトロトランポゾン

Reyad A Elbarbary¹, Bronwyn A Lucas¹, Lynne E Maquat²

¹Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 26, 2016

まとめ

LINEsやSINEsのような移植可能な要素は,真核生物のゲノム進化の主要な原動力です. これらの移動性遺伝子は遺伝子発現を制御し細胞の防御メカニズムに左右されます

科学分野:

ゲノミクス
分子生物学
進化生物学

背景:

移植可能な要素 (TEs) は,ゲノム内の位置を変更できるDNA配列である.
長い間隔の元素 (LINE) と短い間隔の元素 (SINE) は,真核生物における主要なレトロトランポゾンである.
TEは,挿入,遺伝子調節,ゲノム進化を通じて宿主ゲノムに影響を与えることができます.

研究の目的:

ユカリオットのゲノムにおけるLINEとSINEの拡張と進化的貢献をレビューする.
遺伝子発現におけるLINEとSINEの規制的役割を強調する.
アデノシンからイノシンへの編集がSINE機能と宿主防御メカニズムに対する影響を議論する.

主な方法:

LINEsとSINEsに関する既存の研究の文献レビューと合成.
TE媒介による遺伝子調節に関する証拠の分析
RNA編集と細胞防御を含む生化学的メカニズムについての議論.

主要な成果:

LINEsとSINEsは,真核ゲノム内で著しく拡大し,その進化に貢献しています.
これらの元素は染色体,転写,RNA処理を変化させることで遺伝子発現を調節することを示唆している.
アデノシンからイノシンへの編集と宿主防御システムは,SINEの活性と逆転移を調節する.

結論:

LINEsとSINEsは,進化と遺伝子調節に影響を与える,真核生物のゲノムダイナミクスの重要な構成要素である.
TEの機能と調節を理解することは,ゲノム可塑性と宿主-寄生虫の相互作用を理解するために不可欠です.
TE-宿主相互作用と防御メカニズムに関するさらなる研究が必要である.

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