高脂肪食は,腸の祖先の茎性および腫瘍性を増強する
Semir Beyaz1,2, Miyeko D Mana1, Jatin Roper1,3
1The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Nature
|March 4, 2016
まとめ
高脂肪食はPPAR-δの活性化によって腸の幹細胞の数と機能を高めます. この経路はまた,原始細胞の腫瘍形成の可能性を高め,食事と癌のリスクを結びつけます.
科学分野:
- 胃腸内科
- 細胞生物学
- 代謝 疾患
背景:
- 組織幹細胞と原始細胞の機能に対する食事の影響は,ほとんど未調査のままである.
- 肥満は癌を含む様々な健康問題と 関連していますが 幹細胞に関わる根本的なメカニズムは不明です
研究 の 目的:
- 肥満を誘発するダイエット,特に高脂肪ダイエット (HFD) が腸の幹細胞と前身細胞の機能にどのように影響するかを調査する.
- これらの食事効果を媒介する分子機構,特にペロキシソーム増殖器活性化受容体デルタ (PPAR-δ) の役割を解明する.
- 食事によって調節される幹細胞の働きが腫瘍発症能力に及ぼす影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 高脂肪食を与えられたマウスの腸の幹細胞数と機能の分析
- ペロキシソーム増殖器活性化受容体デルタ (PPAR-δ) の腸の幹細胞および祖先細胞における発現を調査する.
- PPAR-δの薬学的な活性化と腸内オルガノイド培養への影響
- Apc 腫瘍抑制剤が欠けていた原始細胞における PPAR-δ シグナル伝達を強制した後の腫瘍形成を in vivo で評価する.
主要な成果:
- 高脂肪食 (HFD) の摂取は,Lgr5 (((+)) の腸幹細胞の数と機能を増加させた.
- HFDは,腸の幹細胞と前身細胞に有意なPPAR-δシグネチャーを誘導した.
- 薬理学的なPPAR-δ活性化は,PPAR-δに依存した方法でex vivoでオルガノイドの自己再生を高め,HFD効果を模倣した.
- 先発性細胞における強固なPPAR-δシグナリングは,特にAPCの喪失後に,体内で腫瘍形成を促した.
結論:
- 高脂肪食によるダイエットによる肥満は,PPAR-δの活性化により,腸の幹細胞と原始細胞の機能を高めます.
- 食事によって調節されるPPAR-δシグナリングは,特に腫瘍抑制剤の喪失の文脈で,腫瘍の発症を誘導する可能性があります.
- これらの発見は,食事習慣,幹細胞生物学,腸の癌の発症との関係を確立しています.
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