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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique
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DNA複製中の発現ホメオスタシス

Yoav Voichek1, Raz Bar-Ziv1, Naama Barkai2

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 5, 2016
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

メッセンジャーRNA合成速度は,酵母におけるDNA複製中にバッファされます. この発現ホメオスタシスは,複製されたDNAからの転写効率を低下させるヒストンH3K56アセチル化に依存しています.

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • エピジェネティクス
  • 酵母遺伝学

背景:

  • ゲノム複製は,転写のためのDNAテンプレートの可用性を高めます.
  • 早期複製遺伝子は 後期複製遺伝子の前にこの増加に直面し,発現制御に関する疑問を投げかけます.

研究 の 目的:

  • DNA複製によってメッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) の合成がどのように影響されるかを調査する.
  • Sフェーズ中の発現ホメオスタシスを維持する分子メカニズムを特定する.

主な方法:

  • 芽生えた酵母をモデル生物として利用した.
  • S段階の遺伝子発現レベルを調査した.
  • ヒストンH3K56アセチル化および関連因子の役割 (Rtt109/Asf1) を調べました.

主要な成果:

  • メッセンジャーRNA合成速度は,S段階の遺伝子用量変化に対してバッファリングされます.
  • この発現ホメオスタシスは,Rtt109/Asf1によるヒストンH3K56アセチル化に依存する.
  • これらの因子の削除またはH3K56の変異/脱酸化は,複製のタイミングに比例して遺伝子の発現を増加させます.

結論:

  • 新しく堆積したヒストンの上でのヒストンH3 K56アセチル化は,複製されたDNAからの転写効率を抑制する.
  • このアセチル化メカニズムは,DNA複製中の発現ホメオスタシスの維持に寄与する.
  • この研究は,ゲノムの安定性と発現の調節に関する分子洞察を提供します.