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Updated: Jan 11, 2026
01:27
Disorders of Erythrocytes
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本質的な誠実さと社会におけるルール違反の蔓延
Simon Gächter1,2,3, Jonathan F Schulz1,4
1University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Nature
|March 10, 2016
まとめ
汚職のような社会規範の違反は 本質的な誠実さを低下させます 社会間での実験では ルール違反の頻度が低い国では ルール違反の頻度が高い国よりも 正直性が高いことが示されています
科学分野:
- 社会心理学
- 行動経済学
- 文化間の研究
背景:
- 欺きは自然界や人間社会に 蔓延しています
- 制度は不正を抑制することを目指していますが ルールが破られた場合も 本質的な誠実さが不可欠です
- 心理学,社会学,経済学の理論では 社会のルール違反に晒されることが 個人の誠実さを損なう可能性があると説いています
研究 の 目的:
- ルール違反の蔓延と個人の本来の誠実さとの社会的つながりを調査する.
- 高いレベルの汚職や 逃税や政治詐欺に 曝されていることが 誠実さに影響するかどうかを テストするためです
主な方法:
- 汚職,逃税,政治詐欺に関する2003年の国レベルのデータを用いて"規則違反の普及率" (PRV) インデックスを開発しました.
- 23カ国の2568人の若者の 本質的な誠実さを 測る実験を行いました
- 2003年の参加者の若い年齢は,PRVデータへの影響を排除しました.
主要な成果:
- 規則違反 (PRV) の流行と個人の本質的な誠実さとの間に強い負の相関が認められた.
- PRVが低い国からの参加者は 本質的な誠実さのレベルが 大きく高いことを示しました
- 実験で観察された嘘のパターンは 心理学の誠実性理論と一致しています
結論:
- 社会的ルールの違反は 個人の本質的な誠実さを著しく損なう.
- ルール違反を助長する 弱い制度や文化的遺産は 直接的な経済的コストを超えて 社会的機能を損なう可能性があります
- 研究結果は 文化的共同進化の理論を支持し 制度,価値観,誠実さの相互作用を強調しています
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