腸内細菌のディスバイオシスと死滅性腸球炎が,非常に低出生体重の乳児における前向きな症例対照研究

Barbara B Warner¹, Elena Deych², Yanjiao Zhou¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.

Lancet (London, England)

|March 13, 2016

まとめ

腸内細菌の組成は,死腸炎 (NEC) を発症する乳児では異なっている. ガンマプロテオバクテリアの増加とネガティブキュテスのような厳格な無酸素菌の減少は,NECの乳児で観察されました.

科学分野:

微生物学
新生児医学
胃腸内科

背景:

末腸炎 (NEC) は,早産児における重度の腸疾患である.
腸内微生物群の変化は,NECの発生に役割を果たす可能性があります.
NECに関連した特定の細菌分類を特定することは,その病原性を理解するために不可欠です.

研究の目的:

NECを発症する赤ん坊と発症しない赤ん坊の腸内細菌分類の違いを調査する.
NECの発症に先立つ特定の細菌のサインを特定する.

主な方法:

複数の病院のコホートで低出生体重の乳児を観察した研究.
糞便サンプルから16S rRNA遺伝子のピロシーケンスを採取する.
細菌集団とNECの発達との関連を特定するためにディリクレート多項モデルを用いた分析.

主要な成果:

NEC症例と対照群の間で腸内微生物群の構造に重大な違いが見られた.
ガンマプロテオバクテリアの増加と厳格な無酸素細菌 (ネガティブキュート) の減少は,NECと関連付けられました.
これらの微生物の差異は,妊娠27週未満で生まれた乳児で最も顕著で,生後1ヶ月後に現れました.

結論:

ガンマプロテオバクテリアの相対的な豊富さと,厳格な無酸素細菌の不足が,非常に低出生体重の乳児におけるNECに先行する.
これらの発見は,特に極めて早産の乳児において,NEC予防戦略の潜在的微生物標的を示唆しています.

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