低リスク患者の再インチューブ治療に対する高流量鼻カヌルの効果: ランダム化臨床試験
Gonzalo Hernández1, Concepción Vaquero2, Paloma González3
1Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain.
JAMA
|March 16, 2016
まとめ
常規の酸素療法と比較して,重症の患者では,高流量鼻カヌラによる酸素療法により,再挿管率が著しく低下しました. この介入は,エクスチューブ後呼吸不全の発生率を低下させ,患者のアウトカムを改善しました.
科学分野:
- クリティカル ケア 医療
- 呼吸器療法
- 肺科
背景:
- 高流量鼻カヌーラ (HFNC) 酸素療法では,エキスチューブ後の酸素化の改善が期待されています.
- 高リスクと低リスクの集団を組み合わせた以前の研究は,HFNCの利点を示唆しています.
- 特定の低リスク患者の再挿管率に関する決定的なデータは不足しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 機械呼吸器を用いる患者で再挿管のリスクが低い患者の間で,HFNC酸素療法による再挿管予防の有効性を評価する.
- この患者群でHFNC酸素療法と従来の酸素療法を比較する.
主な方法:
- スペインの7つのICUで再挿管のリスクが低い527人の成人を対象とした多センターランダム化臨床試験.
- 患者は,抽出後24時間,HFNC酸素療法または従来の酸素療法を受けるようにランダムに割り当てられました.
- 主なアウトカムは72時間以内に再挿管であり,次要アウトカムは呼吸不全,感染,滞在期間,死亡率でした.
主要な成果:
- HFNC群では,通常の酸素群 (12. 2%) (P=. 004) と比較して,72時間以内の再挿管がより少なかった.
- HFNCグループでは,呼吸不全の割合も有意に低かった (8. 3% vs 14. 4%,P=0. 03).
- 再インチューベーションまでの間に有意な差は認められず,有害事象は報告されなかった.
結論:
- HFNCの酸素治療は,低リスクの患者で72時間以内に再インチューブ化のリスクを低減する点で,従来の酸素治療よりも優れています.
- これらの発見は,選択された低リスクのエクストベーション後の患者の標準治療としてHFNC酸素療法の使用を支持する.
- HFNC治療は早期再挿管と呼吸器の合併症を予防するための安全で効果的な戦略です.
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