リスクの高い意思決定を制御する
Kelly A Zalocusky1,2,3, Charu Ramakrishnan1,3, Talia N Lerner1,3
1Bioengineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Nature
|March 24, 2016
まとめ
科学者たちは 核アキュンベンス (NAc) のドーパミン受容体タイプ2 (D2R) 細胞が 過去の負の結果をシグナルし リスクを負う行動に影響を与えることを発見しました リスクの好みやリアルタイムの意思決定の 個々の違いが説明されます
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 意思決定科学
- 行動経済学
背景:
- リスク回避は種ごとに共通していますが リスク偏好には個別の違いがあります
- 安定した 変化するリスクの行動に 基づく神経メカニズムは 完全に理解されていません
研究 の 目的:
- ネズミのモデルを使って リスク偏好のニューラル基盤を調査する
- 特定のニューロン集団と リスクの意思決定に関連する活動パターンを特定する.
主な方法:
- 人間のようなリスク偏好の変異を示すラットモデルを開発した.
- 意思決定のタスク中に神経活動の遺伝子ターゲティングと光学記録を利用した.
- オプトジェネティクスを使って 神経活動とリスクの好みを因果的に結びつけました
主要な成果:
- ドーパミン受容体2型 (D2R) を発現する細胞を核アキュンベンス (NAc) で特定し,リスク偏好を決定した.
- NAc D2R細胞の活動が 過去の不都合な結果と相関し,その後の選択を予測することを発見しました.
- NAc D2R細胞の光遺伝的刺激が即座にリスク偏好を変化させることが示された.
結論:
- NAc D2R細胞内の神経信号は 過去のネガティブな体験をコードし 現在のリスクを負う行動を促します
- リスク偏好における個々の差異は,NAc D2R細胞に以前の不利な結果の符号化によって説明できます.
- NAc D2R細胞の活動をターゲットにすることで,リスクを取る行動を調節する潜在的メカニズムが提供されます.
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