視覚皮質における刺激ネットワークの解剖学と機能
Wei-Chung Allen Lee1, Vincent Bonin1,2, Michael Reed1
1Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Nature
|March 29, 2016
まとめ
ネズミの視覚皮質 (V1) のニューロンは,類似の指向選択性を持ち,好ましくシナプス結合を形成する. 神経回路におけるこの機能的特異性は, dendritic spinesのスケールで媒介されます.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 計算神経科学
- システム神経科学
背景:
- 脳の皮質の局所的な神経回路の構造を理解することは,回路活動とネットワークの組織を関連付けるのに不可欠です.
- マウスの視覚皮質 (V1) の表面層では,同様の視覚応答特性を有するニューロンが互いに興奮すると仮定されているが,解剖学的根拠は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- マウス視野皮質 (V1) の刺激層2/3ネットワークにおける再発性シナプスネットワークの解剖学的基礎を調査する.
- 機能的に類似したニューロンが 優位な解剖学的接続性を示すかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 大規模電子顕微鏡でV1のシナプス接続のマッピングを組み合わせた生理学的イメージング
- ニューロンの応答特性 (指向選択性) と解剖学的接続性のパターンとの関係を分析した.
主要な成果:
- V1の2/3のニューロンは,解剖学的接続性に基づいたサブネットワークを形成し,グループ内の接続の確率は,グループ間の接続よりも高い.
- ピラミッド状のニューロンは,同じ方向性の選択性を有し,好ましく互いにシナプスを形成する.
- シナプスの大きさは,同じ方向のチューニングを持つニューロン間でより大きくなり,シナプスの特異性を高めることを示唆しています.
結論:
- 皮質刺激ネットワークの機能的特異性は,個々のシナプスレベルで確立され,おそらく dendritic spines を含む.
- 機能的に似たニューロン間の好ましいシナプス接続は,皮質回路の組織的論理に寄与する.
- 機能コネクトミクスは,ニューラルネットワークの構造-機能関係を解剖する強力なアプローチを提供します.
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